About the Book
In chapters contributed by 24 university & government laboratories, Nanoengineering of Structural, Functional, and Smart Materials combines wide-ranging research aimed at the development of multifunctional materials that are strong, lightweight, and versatile. This book explores promising and diverse approaches to the design of nanoscale materials and presents concepts that integrate mechanical, electrical, electrochemical, polarization, optical, thermal, and biomimetic functions with nanoscale materials to support the development of polymer composites, thin films, fibers, pultruded materials, and smart materials having a superior combination of properties. Interrelating the many different aspects of nanoscience vital to developing new material systems, this book is organized into three parts that cover the major areas of focus: synthesis, manufacturing techniques, and modeling. The book defines functional materials and discusses techniques designed to improve material properties, durability, multifunctionality, and adaptability. It also examines sensors and actuators fabricated from nanostructured microdevices for structural health and performance monitoring. Shifting its focus to nanomechanics and the modeling of nanoscale particles, the book discusses vibration properties, thin films, and pulse laser deposition, low cost manufacturing of ceramic composites, hybrid nanocomposites, and various types of nanotubes. The book combines atomistic modeling with molecular dynamics simulations to clarify design considerations and discusses coupling between atomistic models and classical continuum mechanics models. The authors also advocate the current and potential development of commercial applications, such as nanocoatings to create “artificial skin” and functionalized nanotubes used to enhance the properties of composite materials.
Nanoengineering of Structural, Functional, and Smart Materials provides an overview of current trends and cutting-edge research in the area of nanoengineered materials. It offers new directions for the production of functionally tailored materials that can self-monitor their health and provide enduring performance.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to Nanoengineering, J.F. Maguire and D.B. Mast
Thermodynamic and Statistical Foundations of Small Systems
Definitions
Boundaries for Nanoscience and Technology
Some Final Thoughts
References SYNTHESIS OF NANOSCALE MATERIALS Design of Nanostructured Materials, D. Banerjee, J. Lao, and Z. Ren
Introduction
Motivation, Background and Strategies
Experimental Set-up
Results and Discussion
Large Quantity Nanostructures
Concluding Remarks
Problems, and References
Carbon Nanotubes and Bismuth Nanowires, M.S. Dresselhaus, A. Jorio, and O. Rabin
Introduction
Carbon Nanotubes
Bismuth Nanowires
Problems Nanobelts and Nanowires of Functional Oxides, X. Wang and Z.L. Wang
Introduction
The Nanobelt: What is it?
Techniques for Growing Nanobelts/Nanowires
Growth Mechanisms
The Nanobelt Family
Ultra-narrow ZnO Nanobelts
Mesoporous ZnO Nanowires
Patterned Growth of Aligned ZnO Nanowires
Selected Applications of Nanobelts
Summary
Problems, Acknowledgment, and References
Advances in Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes, V.N. Shanov, A. Miskin, S. Jain, P. He, and M.J. Schulz
CVD Technique for Growth of CNT
The CVD Growth System
Catalyst and Substrate Preparation
Growth of CNT
Purification of As-Grown CNT
Characterization of CNT
Advanced Topics and Future Directions for CVD of CNT
Conclusions
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Self-assembled Au Nanodots in a ZnO Matrix: A Novel Way to Enhance Electrical and Optical Characteristics of ZnO Films, A. Tiwari and J. Narayan
Introduction
Experimental Procedure
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Synthesis of Boron Nitride Nanotubes Using a Ball-Milling and Annealing
Method, Y. Chen and J.S. Williams
Boron Nitride Nanotubes
High-Energy Ball Milling Technique
Synthesis of BN nanotubes from Elemental B
Synthesis of BN Nanotubes from BN Compounds
Formation Mechanism Discussion
Conclusions
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
MANUFACTURING USING NANOSCALE MATERIALS
Plasma Deposition of Ultra-Thin Functional Films on Nanoscale
Materials, P. He and D. Shi
Introduction
The Plasma Coating Technique
Applications and Characterization
Processing and Characterization of Nanocomposite Materials
Summary
Problems, References
Structural Nanocomposites, H. Mahfuz
Introduction
Matrix Modification
Nanophased Filaments
Core Modification
Summary
Problems, References
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Ceramic Thin-Film Nanocomposites with Improved Mechanical Properties, D. Kumar, J. Sankar, and J. Narayan
Introduction
Theory of Pulsed Laser Deposition
Experimental Procedure
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Macroscopic Fibers of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, V.A. Davis and M. Pasquali
Introduction
Fibers Produced Directly from SWNT Synthesis
Electrophoretic Spinning
“Conventional” Fiber Spinning
Conclusion
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Carbon Nanofiber and Carbon Nanotube Polymer/Composite Fibers and Films, H.G. Chae and S. Kumar
Introduction
Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofiber and Polymer Composite Films
Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composite Fibers
Aspects of Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites
Polymer Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Applications
Concluding Remarks
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Surface Patterning Using Self-Assembled Monolayers: A Bottom-Up Approach to the Fabrication of Microdevices, L. Supriya and R.O. Claus
Introduction
Experimental Procedure
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Applications
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Enhancement of the Mechanical Strength of Polymer-Based Composites Using Carbon Nanotubes, K.-T.Lau, J. Sankar and D. Hui
Introduction
Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
Fabrication Processes of Nanotube/Polymer Composites
Interfacial Bonding Properties of Nanotube/Polymer Composites
Concluding Remarks
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Nanoscale Intelligent Materials and Structures, Y.Y. Heung, I. Kang, S. Jain, A. Miskin, S. Narasimhadevara, G. Kirkeria, V. Shinde, S. Pammi, S. Datta, P. He, D. Hurd, M.J. Schulz, V.N. Shanov, D. Shi, F.J. Boerio, and M.J. Sundaresan
Introduction
A Review of Smart Materials
Nanotube Geometric Structure
Physical Properties of Nanotubes
Manufacturing of Nanoscale Hybrid Materials
Design of Nanotube Sensors and Actuators
Intelligent Machines for Manufacturing, Self-Repair, and Demanufacturing
Conclusions
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Thermal Properties and Microstructures of Polymer Nanostructured Materials, J.H. Koo and L.A. Pilato
Introduction
Selection of Nanoparticles
Discussion of Results
Summary and Conclusions
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Manufacturing, Mechanical Characterization, and Modeling of a Pultruded Thermoplastic Nanocomposite, S. Roy, K. Vengadassalam, F. Hussain, and H. Lu
Introduction
Experimental Procedure
Nanocomposite Morphology
Results and Discussion of Test Data
Mechanical Properties Characterization
Summary and Conclusions
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
MODELING OF NANOSCALE AND NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS
Nanomechanics, Y.W. Kwon
Introduction
Static Atomic Model
Coupling Atomic and FEA Models
Fatigue Analysis at the Atomic Level
Heterogeneous Carbon Nanotubes
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Continuum and Atomistic Modeling of Thin Films Subjected to Nanoindentation, J.D. Schall, D.W. Brenner, A.D. Kelkar, and R. Gupta
Introduction
Modeling of Nanoindentation
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanoindentation
Conclusions, Problems, References
Synthesis, Optimization and Characterization of AlN-TiN Thin Film Heterostructures, C.Waters, S.Yarmolenko, J.Sankar, S. Neralla, and A.D. Kelkar
Introduction
Pulsed Laser Deposition
Characterization of Thin Films
Performance Evaluation of Thin Films
Optimization of Results
Conclusions
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Polarization in Nanotubes and Nanotubular Structures, M. B. Nardelli, S. M. Nakhmanson, and V. Meunier
Introduction
Modern Theory of Polarization
Computational Details
Polarization in Nanotubes
Piezoelectricity in Nanotubes
Polarization Effects in Nanotubular Structures
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
Multiscale Modeling of Stress Localization and Fracture in Nanocrystalline Metallic Materials, V. Yamakov, D.R. Phillips, E. Saether, and E.H. Glaessgen
Introduction
The Configuration Model
The Molecular Dynamics Model
Shear Strength of a Grain Boundary
FEM Simulation
Results and Discussion
Concluding Remarks
Problems, Acknowledgment, References Modeling of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites, G.M. Odegard
Introduction
Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Interface
Micromechanics
Molecular Models
Example: SWNT/ Polyimide Composite
Example: SWNT/Polyethylene Composite
Summary and Conclusions
Problems and References
An Introduction to Nanoscale, Microscale, and Macroscale Heat Transport: Characterization and Bridging of Space and Time Scales, C. Anderson and K.K. Tamma
Introduction
Spatial and Temporal Regimes in Heat Conduction
Considerations in time heat conduction
Considerations in size heat conduction
Boltzmann Transport Equation
Two Temperature Models
Relaxation Time
Numerical Illustration-Two Temperature Model and Pulse Laser Heating
Numerical Illustration -One Temperature Model and Heat Conduction Model Number
Multilayers and Superlattices
The Equation of Phonon Radiative Transfer (EPRT)
Callaway/Holland's Model
Molecular Dynamics
Concluding Remarks
Problems, Acknowledgment, References
