Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods

Research suggests that ergonomists tend to restrict themselves to two or three of their favorite methods in the design of systems, despite a multitude of variations in the problems that they face. Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods delivers an authoritative and practical account of methods that incorporate human capabilities and limitations, environmental factors, human-machine interaction, and other factors into system design. The Handbook describes 83 methods in a standardized format, promoting the use of methods that may have formerly been unfamiliar to designers. The handbook comprises six sections, each representing a specialized field of ergonomics with a representative selection of associated methods. The sections highlight facets of human factors and ergonomics in systems analysis, design, and evaluation. Sections I through III address individuals and their interactions with the world. Section IV explores social groupings and their interactions (team methods), and Section V examines the effect of the environment on workers. The final section provides an overview of work systems-macroergonomics methods. An onion-layer model frames each method; working from the individual, to the team, to the environment, to the work system. Each chapter begins with an introduction written by the chapter's editor, offering a brief overview of the field and a description of the methods covered. The Handbook provides a representative set of contemporary methods that are valuable in ergonomic analyses and evaluations. The layout of each chapter is standardized for ease-of-use, so you can quickly locate relevant information about each method. Content descriptions are brief, and references are made to other texts, papers, and case studies. Standard descriptions of methods encourage browsing through several potential methods before tackling a problem.

Table of Contents:
Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods Neville A. Stanton PHYSICAL METHODS Physical Methods Alan Hedge PLIBEL - The Method Assigned for Identification of Ergonomic Hazards Kristina Kemmlert Musculoskeletal Discomfort Surveys Used at NIOSH Steven L. Sauter , Naomi G. Swanson , Thomas R. Waters , Thomas R. Hales , and Robin Dunkin-Chadwick The Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (DMQ) Vincent Hilderbrandt Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC) for the Assessment of Workplace Risks for Work-Relate Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) Guangyan Li and Peter Buckle Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Lynn McAtamney Rapid Entire Body Assessment Lynn McAtamney and Sue Hignett The Strain Index J. Steven Moore and Gordon A. Vos Posture Checklist Using Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Technology Karen Jacobs Scaling Experiences during Work: Perceived Exertion and Difficulty Gunnar Borg Muscle Fatigue Assessment: Functional Job Analysis Technique Suzanne H. Rodgers and Suzanne H. Rodgers Psychophysical Tables: Lifting, Lowering, Pushing, Pulling, and Carrying Stover H. Snook Lumbar Motion Monitor W. S. Marras and W. G. Allread The Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA) Methods: OCRA Index and OCRA Checklist Enrico Occhipinti Assessment Of Exposure to Manual Patient Handling in Hospital Wards: MAPO INDEX (Movement and Assistance of Hospital Patients) O. Menoni, M.G. Ricci, D. Panciera and N. Battevi Psychophysiological Methods Karel A. Brookhuis Psycho-Physiological Methods Electrodermal Measurement Wolfram Boucsein Electromyography (EMG) Matthias Goebel Estimating Mental Effort Using Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Lambertus (Ben) J.M. Mulder, Dick de Waard and Karel A. Brookhuis Ambulatory EEG Methods and Sleepiness Torbjörn Åkerstedt Assessing Brain Function and Mental Chronometry with Event-Related Potentials (ERP) Arthur F. Kramer and Artem Belopolsky MEG and fMRI Hermann Hinrichs Ambulatory Assessment of Blood Pressure to Evaluate Workload Renate Rau Monitoring Alertness by Eyelid Closure Melissa M. Mallis and David F. Dinges Measurement of Respiration in Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Research Cornelis J.E. Wientjes and Paul Grossman Behavioural and Cognitive Methods Behavioral and Cognitive Methods Neville A. Stanton Observation Neville A. Stanton, Christopher Baber and Mark Young Applying Interviews to Usability Assessment Mark S. Young and Neville A. Stanton Verbal Protocol Analysis Guy Walker Repertory Grid for Product Evaluation Chris Baber Focus Groups Lee Cooper and Chris Baber Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) John Annett Allocation of Functions Philip Marsden and Mark Kirby Critical Decision Method Gary Klein and Amelia A. Armstrong Applied Cognitive Work Analysis (ACWA) W. C. Elm, E. M. Roth, S. S. Potter, J. W. Gualtieri and J. R. Easter Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA) Neville A. Stanton Task Analysis for Error Identification Neville A. Stanton and Christopher Baber Mental Workload Mark S. Young and Neville A. Stanton Multiple Resource Time Sharing Mode Christopher D. Wickens Critical Path Analysis for Multimodal Activity Chris Baber Situation Awareness Measurement and the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique Debra G. Jones and David B. Kaber Team Methods Team Methods Eduardo Salas Team Training Eduardo Salas and Heather A. Priest Distributed Simulation Training for Teams Dee H. Andrews Synthetic Task Environments for Teams: CERTT's UAV-STE Nancy J. Cooke and Steven M. Shope Event-Based Approach to Training (EBAT) Jennifer E. Fowlkes and C. Shawn Burke Team Building Eduardo Salas, Heather A. Priest and Renée E. DeRouin Measuring Team Knowledge Nancy J. Cooke Team Communications Analysis Florian Jentsch and Clint Bowers Questionnaires for Distributed Assessment of Team Mutual Awareness Jean MacMillan, Michael J. Paley, Eileen B. Entin and Elliot E. Entin Team Decision Requirement Exercise: Making Team Decision Requirements Explicit David W. Klinger and Bianka B. Hahn Targeted Acceptable Responses to Generated Events or Tasks (TARGETs) Jennifer E. Fowlkes and C. Shawn Burke Behavioral Observation Scales (BOS) David Baker Team Situation Assessment Training for Adaptive Coordination Laura Martin-Milham and Stephen M. Fiore Team Task Analysis C. Shawn Burke Team Workload Clint A. Bowers and Florian Jentsch Social Network Analysis James E. Driskell and Brian Mullen Environmental Methods Environmental Methods Alan Hedge Thermal Conditions Measurement George Havenith Cold Stress Indices Hannu Rintamäki Heat Stress Indices Alan Hedge Thermal Comfort Indices Jørn Toftum Indoor Air Quality: Chemical Exposures Alan Hedge Indoor Air Quality: Biological/Particulate-Phase Contaminant Exposure Assessment Methods Thad Godish Olfactometry: the Human Nose as Detection Instrument Pamela Dalton and Monique Smeets The Context and Foundation of Lighting Practice Mark S. Rea and Peter R. Boyce Photometric Characterization of the Luminous Environment Mark S. Rea Evaluating Office Lighting Peter R. Boyce Rapid Sound-Quality Assessment of Background Noise Rendell R. Torres Noise Reaction Indices and Assessment R.F. Soames Job Noise and Human Behavior Gary Evans and Lorraine Maxwell Occupational Vibration: a Concise Perspective Jack F. Wasserman, Donald E. Wasserman and David Wilder Habitability Measurement in Space Vehicles and Earth Analogs Brian Peacock, Jennifer Blume and Susan Vallance Macroergonomic Methods Macroergonomic Methods Hal W. Hendrick Macroergonomic Organizational Questionnaire Survey (MOQS) Pascale Carayon and Peter Hoonakker Interview Method Leah Newman Focus Groups Leah Newman Laboratory Experiment Brian M. Kleiner Field Study and Field Experiment Hal W. Hendrick Participatory Ergonomics (PE) Ogden Brown, Jr. Cognitive Walk-Through Method (CWM) Tonya L. Smith-Jackson Kansei Engineering Mitsuo Nagamachi HITOP Analysis™ Ann Majchrzak, M. Fleischer, D. Roitman, and J. Mokray TOP-Modeler© 2002 Ann Majchrzak The CIMOP System© 2002 Waldemar Karwowski and J. Kantola Anthropotechnology Philippe Geslin Systems Analysis Tool (SAT) Michelle M. Robertson Macroergonomic Analysis of Structure (MAS) Hal W. Hendrick MacroErgonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD) Brian M. Kleiner