Advanced Soil Mechanics

This revised and updated edition of Advanced Soil Mechanics presents a step-by-step guide to all aspects of the subject to students, and addresses a wide range of topics in a logical and extensively illustrated approach, including: grain-size distribution; the nature of water in clay; consistency of cohesive soils; weight-volume relationships; soil classification systems; concepts of elasticity; equations of equilibrium. The book is illustrated with mathematical derivations and clear diagrams, problems and examples are provided throughout and each chapter concludes with a list of references for further in-depth review or research. Advanced Soil Mechanics is valuable not only for upper-level undergraduate and graduate level students of civil engineering, engineering mechanics, and soil mechanics, but also as a reference for professionals working in these fields.

Table of Contents:
CHAPTER 1 – SOIL AGGREGATE, PLASTICITY, AND CLASSIFICATION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Soil-Separate Size Limits 1.3 Clay Minerals 1.4 Nature of Water in Clay 1.5 Repulsive Pressure 1.6 Flocculation and Dispersion of Clay Particles 1.7 Consistency of Cohesive Soils 1.8 Liquidity Index 1.9 Activity 1.10 Grain-Size Distribution of Soil 1.11 Weight-Volume Relationships 1.12 Relative Density and Relative Compaction 1.13 Effect of Roundness and Non-plastic Fines on emax and emin of Granular Soils 1.14 Unified Soil Classification System References This is an expanded chapter. The word "plasticity" has been added to the title. Sections 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.9, 1.10, 1.13, and 1.14 are new additions compared to the second edition. The Gouy-Chapman theory is given in Section 1.5. Langmuir’s equation is given in Section 1.6. Van der Wall’s forces are discussed in Section 1.7. The fall cone method is discussed in Section 1.8. Section 1.14 gives the effect of roundness (Youd, 1973) and non-plastic fines (Lade et al., 1998; Cubrinovski and Ishihara, 1999 and 2002) on maximum and minimum void ratios. Number of figures – 38 Number of tables – 6 Number of example problems – 2 CHAPTER 2 – STRESSES AND STRAINS – ELASTIC EQUILIBRIUM Introduction Basic Definition and Sign Convention for Stresses Equations for Static Equilibrium Concept of Strain Hooke’s Law Plane Strain Problems Equations of Compatibility for Three Dimensional Problems Stresses on an Inclined Plane and Principal Stresses for Plane Strain Problems Strains on an Inclined Plane and Principal Strains for Plane Strain Problems Stress Components on Inclined Plane, Principal Stresses, and Octahedral Stresses – Three Dimensional Case Strain Components on Inclined Plane, Principal Strains, and Octahedral Stresses – Three Dimensional Case References There are no changes from the second edition in this chapter. Number of figures – 22 Number of tables – None Number of sample problems – 5 CHAPTER 3 – STRESSES AND DISPLACEMENTS IN A SOIL MASS 3.1 Introduction Two Dimensional Problems Vertical Line Load on the Surface Vertical Line Load on the Surface of a Finite Layer Vertical Line Load inside a Semi-Infinite Mass Horizontal Line Load on the Surface Horizontal Line Load inside a Semi-Infinite Mass Uniform Vertical Loading on an Infinite Strip on the Surface Uniform Strip Load inside a Semi-Infinite Mass Uniform Horizontal Loading on an Infinite Strip on the Surface Triangular Normal Loading on an Infinite Strip on the Surface Vertical Stress in a Semi-Infinite Mass Due to Embankment Loading Three Dimensional Problems tresses Due to Vertical Point Load on the Surface Deflection Due to a Concentrated Point Load on the Surface Horizontal Point Load on the Surface Stresses Below a Circularly Loaded Flexible Area (Uniform Vertical Load) Vertical Displacement Due to a Uniformly Loaded Circular Area on the Surface Vertical Stress below a Rectangular Loaded Area on the Surface Average Vertical Stress Increase Due To a Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Area Deflection Due to a Uniformly Loaded Flexible Rectangular Area Stresses in a Layered Medium Vertical Stress at the Interface of a Three-Layer Flexible System References Changes from second edition: The word "displacement" is added in title Vertical displacement added in Section 3.2 Vertical stress and displacement given with tables (Poulos, 1966) in Section 3.3 Expanded table for vertical stress in Section 3.7; relationship for vertical displacement at surface added Vertical displacement relationship added in Section 3.9 Equation in rectangular coordinate system added in Section 3.10; also vertical deflection relationship at the surface added Section 3.13 new Deflection relationship added in Section 3.14 Section 3.16 new Tables and equations for determination of vertical stress below the center of a rectangular area added Section 3.18 new (Griffiths, 1984, Canadian Geotechnical Journal) Section 3.19 new Number of tables – 23 Number of figures – 33 Number of example problems – 7 CHAPTER 4 – PORE WATER PRESSURE DUE TO UNDRAINED LOADING Introduction Pore Water Pressure Developed Due to Isotropic Stress Application Pore Water Pressure Parameter B Pore Water Pressure Due to Uniaxial Loading Directional Variation of Af Pore Water Pressure under Triaxial Test Conditions Henkel’s Modification of Pore Water Pressure Equation Pore Water Pressure Due to One Dimensional Strain Loading (Oedometer Test) References Changes from second edition: Section 4.3 is new. Discusses B with numerical values of the compressibility of pore water and soil skeleton (soft, medium, stiff, and very still soils). Section 4.5 is new. Discusses Af with directional variation of major principal stress for clay soils (anisotropy). Number of figures – 14 Number of tables – 4 Number of example problems – 1 CHAPTER 5 – PERMEABILITY AND SEEPAGE (tentative) 5.1 Introduction Permeability Darcy’s Law Determination of hydraulic conductivity in the laboratory (constant head test, falling head test, from consolidation test, constant rate of strain test) Permeameters for testing of clay soils Kozeny-Carman equation Estimation of hydraulic conductivity of granular soil using the Kozeny-Carman equation with examples (Carrier III, 2003, ASCE) Estimation of k in cohesive soils with examples Laboratory test for k in coarse sand and gravel (Kenney, Lau, and Ofoegbu, 1984, Canadian Geotechnical Journal) Hydraulic conductivity in compacted soil (effect of confining pressure, molding moisture content) Anisotropy with respect to hydraulic conductivity (additional experimental results) Hydraulic conductivity in stratified soil – including laboratory experimental results (see Sridhavan and Prakash, 2002, ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal) In situ hydraulic conductivity for compacted clay Seepage uation of continuity Use of continuity equation for solution of flow problems Flow nets Hydraulic uplift force under a structure Flow nets in anisotropic material Construction of flow nets for hydraulic structures on non-homogeneous subsoils Numerical analysis of seepage Seepage force per unit volume of soil mass Safety of hydraulic structures against piping Filter design Calculation of seepage through an earth dam resting on an impervious base Plotting of phreatic line for seepage through earth dams Entrance, discharge, and transfer conditions of line of seepage through earth dams Flow net construction for earth dams (a number of changes in this section) References Major changes or completely new material in bold. Approximate number of figures – 70 Approximate number of tables – 7 Approximate example problems – 10 CHAPTER 6 – CONSOLIDATION 6.1 Introduction Theory of one dimensional consolidation Degree of consolidation under time-dependent loading Numerical solution for one dimensional consolidation Standard one dimensional consolidation test and interpretation Effect of sample disturbance on the e vs. log s' curve Compression index correlation (some new correlations to be added) Correlations for preconsolidation pressure (based on laboratory tests, field vane, piezocone, dilatometer test; see Nagaraj et al., 1985, 1986, ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal; see Chang, 1991, Canadian Geotechnical Journal) Secondary consolidation and general comments on consolidation test Calculation of one dimensional consolidation settlement Coefficient of consolidation Correlation of Cv with index properties such as activity, liquid limit, shrinkage limit Comparison of Cv obtained from various methods with field observations Constant rate-of-strain consolidation tests Constant-gradient consolidation test Sand drains Solution for radial drainage due to time-dependent loading Constant rate of strain consolidation with radial drainage Numerical solution for radial drainage (sand drain) General comments on sand drain problems Field observations for settlement of clay with sand drains Prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) Design of PVDs Problems Major changes or completely new material in bold. Approximate number of figures – 40 Approximate number of tables – 10 Approximate example problems – 12-15 CHAPTER 7 – SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOILS (tentative) Introduction Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria Shearing strength of granular soils Critical void ratio and its relationship to liquefaction Curvature of the failure envelope General comments on the friction angle of granular soils Correlation for friction angle of granular soils based on field tests (SPT, CPT, PMT, DMT) Shear strength of granular soils under plane strain condition Shear strength of cohesive soils Unconfined compression test Modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio from triaxial tests Relation between Af and swell and collapse of compacted clayey soils Friction angles f and fult Effect of rate of strain on the undrained shear strength Stress path Hvorslev’s parameters Relations between moisture content, effective stress, and strength for clay soils Correlations for effective stress friction angle Anisotropy in undrained shear strength Sensitivity and thixotropic characteristics of clay Creep (rate process theory) Vane shear test Relation of undrained shear strength (Su) and effective overburden pressure (p') Correlations of undrained shear strength with results from VST, SPT, CPT, CPTV, PMT, and DMT Other theoretical considerations – yield surfaces in three dimensions Experimental results to compare the yield functions References Major changes or new material in bold. Approximate number of figures – 80 Approximate number of tables – 10 Approximate example problems – 10 CHAPTER 8 – SETTLEMENT OF FOUNDATIONS Introduction Elastic settlement Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio Contact Stress and Settlement Profile of Foundations Settlement Based on the Theory of Elasticity Generalized Average Elastic Settlement Equation Improved Equation for Elastic Settlement Calculation of Elastic Settlement in Granular Soil Using Simplified Strain Influence Factor Elastic Settlement of Sandy Soils – Burland and Burbidge’s Method Consolidation Settlement One Dimensional Primary Consolidation Settlement Skempton-Bjerrum Modification for Consolidation Settlement Calculation Settlement of Overconsolidated Clays Settlement Calculation Using Stress Path Comparison of Primary Consolidation Settlement Calculation Procedures Secondary Consolidation Settlement Precompression for Improving Foundation Settlement References Changes from the second edition: Section 8.3 is new to this chapter Section 8.4 is new to this chapter (Steinbrenner, 1934; Fox, 1948) Section 8.6 is new (Mayne and Poulos, 1999) Section 8.8 is new to this chapter New graphs and table in Section 8.14 Number of figures – 33 Number of tables – 9 Number of example problems – 9 APPENDIX A – CALCULATION OF STRESS AT THE INTERFACE OF A THREE-LAYERED FLEXIBLE SYSTEM Comments: This is the table given on pages 96–123 of the second edition.

About the Author :
Braja M. Das was formerly Dean of the College of Engineering and Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento.