Physical Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors: (Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic & Optoelectronic Applications)

A much-needed update on complex high-temperature superconductors, focusing on materials aspects; this timely book coincides with a recent major break-through of the discovery of iron-based superconductors.  It provides an overview of materials aspects of high-temperature superconductors, combining introductory aspects, description of new physics, material aspects, and a description of the material properties   This title is suitable for researchers in materials science, physics and engineering. Also for technicians interested in the applications of superconductors, e.g. as biomagnets

Table of Contents:
About the Author xi Series Preface xiii Preface xv Acknowledgment xvii List of Tables xix Nomenclature xxiii 1. Brief History of Superconductivity 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Milestones in the Field of Superconductivity 1 1.2.1 Early Discoveries 1 1.2.2 Progress in the Understanding of Superconductivity 4 1.2.3 Discovery of High-Temperature Superconductivity 4 1.2.4 Importance of Higher Transition Temperatures for Applications 6 2. The Superconducting State 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Electrical Resistance 13 2.3 Characteristic Properties of Superconductors 22 2.4 Superconductor Electrodynamics 30 2.5 Thermodynamics of Superconductors 34 3. Superconductivity: A Macroscopic Quantum Phenomenon 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 BCS Theory of Superconductivity 45 3.3 Tunneling Effects 52 4. Type II Superconductors 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 The Ginzburg-Landau Theory 70 4.3 Magnetic Behavior of Type I and Type II Superconductors 73 4.4 Critical Current Densities of Type I and Type II Superconductors 81 4.5 Anisotropic Superconductors 83 5. Cuprate Superconductors: An Overview 87 5.1 Introduction 87 5.2 Families of Superconductive Cuprates 88 5.3 Variation of Charge Carrier Density (Doping) 93 5.4 Summary 96 6. Crystal Structures of Cuprate Superconductors 101 6.1 Introduction 101 6.2 Diffraction Methods 102 6.2.1 Bragg Condition 102 6.2.2 Miller Indices 102 6.2.3 Classification of Crystal Structures 103 6.2.4 X-ray Diffraction 104 6.2.5 Neutron Diffraction 106 6.3 Crystal Structures of the Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductors 107 6.3.1 The Crystal Structure of La2CuO4 107 6.3.2 The Crystal Structure of YBa2Cu3O7-delta 108 6.3.3 The Crystal Structures of Bi-22(n-1)n High-Temperature Superconductors 111 6.3.4 The Crystal Structures of Tl-based High-Temperature Superconductors 113 6.3.5 The Crystal Structures of Hg-based High-Temperature Superconductors 121 6.3.6 Lattice Parameters of Cuprate Superconductors 124 7. Empirical Rules for the Critical Temperature 131 7.1 Introduction 131 7.2 Relations between Charge Carrier Density and Critical Temperature 132 7.3 Effect of the Number of CuO2 Planes in the Copper Oxide Blocks 135 7.4 Effect of Pressure on the Critical Temperature 138 7.5 Summary 146 8. Generic Phase Diagram of Cuprate Superconductors 151 8.1 Introduction 151 8.2 Generic Phase Diagram of Hole-Doped Cuprate Superconductors 151 8.2.1 Generic Phase Diagram: An Overview 151 8.2.2 Symmetry of the Superconducting Order Parameter 153 8.2.3 The Pseudogap 158 8.3 Summary 161 9. Superconducting Properties of Cuprate High-Tc Superconductors 165 9.1 Introduction 165 9.2 Characteristic Length Scales 166 9.3 Superconducting Energy Gap 169 9.4 Magnetic Phase Diagram and Irreversibility Line 171 9.5 Critical Current Densities in Cuprate Superconductors 174 9.5.1 Definitions of the Critical Current 174 9.5.2 Critical Currents in Polycrystalline Cuprate Superconductors 178 9.5.3 Critical Currents in Bulk Cuprate Superconductors 182 9.5.4 Critical Currents in Superconducting Films 183 9.6 Grain-Boundary Weak Links 188 9.7 Summary 193 10. Flux Pinning in Cuprate High-Tc Superconductors 203 10.1 Introduction 203 10.2 Vortex Lattice 204 10.3 Consequences of Anisotropy and Intrinsic Pinning 205 10.4 Thermally Activated Flux Creep 207 10.5 Irreversibility Lines 216 10.6 Summary 224 11. Transport Properties 231 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 Normal-State Resistivity 232 11.3 Thermal Conductivity 249 11.4 Summary 256 12. Thermoelectric and Thermomagnetic Effects 265 12.1 Introduction 265 12.2 Thermoelectric Power of Cuprate Superconductors 269 12.3 Nernst Effect 273 12.4 Summary 276 13. Specific Heat 279 13.1 Introduction 279 13.2 Specific Heat at Low Temperatures 280 13.3 Specific Heat Jump at the Transition to Superconductivity 284 13.4 Specific Heat Data up to Room Temperature 287 13.5 Summary 289 14. Powder Synthesis and Bulk Cuprate Superconductors 293 14.1 Introduction 293 14.2 Synthesis of Cuprate Superconductor Powders 294 14.2.1 Yttrium-based Superconductors 294 14.2.2 Bismuth-based Superconductors 296 14.2.3 Thallium-based Superconductors 303 14.2.4 Mercury-based Superconductors 311 14.3 Bulk Cuprate High-Tc Superconductors 317 14.3.1 Introduction 317 14.3.2 Bi-2212 and (Bi,Pb)-2223 Bulk Superconductors 317 14.3.3 RE-123 Bulk Superconductors 320 14.4 Summary 326 15. First- and Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconductor Wires 339 15.1 Introduction 339 15.2 First-Generation High-Tc Superconductor Wires and Tapes 340 15.2.1 Introduction 340 15.2.2 Ag/Bi-2212 Wires and Tapes 341 15.2.3 Ag/Bi-2223 Tapes 351 15.3 Second-Generation of High-Tc Superconductor Tapes 361 15.3.1 Introduction 361 15.3.2 Manufacturing Routes for Coated Conductors 362 15.3.3 Critical Current Densities of Coated Conductors 370 15.3.4 Lengthy Coated Conductors 379 16. Cuprate Superconductor Films 393 16.1 Introduction 393 16.2 Film Deposition Techniques 394 16.2.1 Preparation of Bismuth-based Cuprate Superconductor Films 394 16.2.2 Preparation of Thallium-based Cuprate Superconductor Films 394 16.2.3 Preparation of Mercury-based Cuprate Superconductor Films 397 16.2.4 Preparation of RE-123 Superconductor Films 404 16.3 Multilayers of Ultrathin Films 407 16.4 Strain Effects 412 16.5 Summary 416 17. MgB2 - An Intermediate-Temperature Superconductor 423 17.1 Introduction 423 17.2 Physical Properties of MgB2 424 17.3 MgB2 Wires and Tapes 437 17.4 MgB2 Bulk Material 444 17.5 MgB2 Films 446 17.6 Summary 450 18. Iron-Based Superconductors - A New Class of High-Temperature Superconductors 459 18.1 Introduction 459 18.2 Critical Temperatures of Iron-based Superconductors 461 18.3 Crystal Structures of Iron-based Superconductors 467 18.4 Physical Properties of Iron-based Superconductors 471 18.5 Synthesis of Iron-based Superconductors 477 18.6 Critical Current Densities in Iron-based Superconductors 477 18.7 Summary 482 19. Outlook 489 19.1 Introduction 489 19.2 The Investigation of Physical Properties 490 19.3 Conductor Development 491 19.4 Magnet and Power Applications 492 Author Index 497 Subject Index 501