Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians

Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians Up-to-date, practical reference book demonstrating laboratory procedures in dogs, cats, cattle and horses The newly revised and updated Second Edition of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians is an inclusive reference on laboratory procedures pertaining to small animals, horses, and cattle, providing information on hematology, hemostasis, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, parasitology, endocrine testing, and quality assurance. The text clarifies ‘how-to’ information while also discussing the importance of ‘why’ laboratory procedures are performed in a particular way, enabling readers to gain true understanding of the topics discussed. To aid in reader comprehension, high-quality photographs labeled with magnification and stain information, which clearly depict cellular morphology, inclusions, and infectious organisms, are included throughout each chapter. The text also offers key objectives, technician tip boxes, case examples, and a glossary of key terms, along with a companion website that provides instructor questions, and an answer key to multiple choice questions in the book. Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians includes information on: Sample collection, handling, and quality assurance, to ensure laboratory test results are valid Hematology data collection techniques that may be used on a daily basis to evaluate the overall health of animal patients Clinical chemistry data to indicate organ function, covering how different chemicals measured in patient samples relate to the function of specific organs in the body In-house parasitology procedures, with important advances in molecular diagnostics have been made that improve the detection and identification of parasites Information about common endocrinopathies and submission of samples for endocrine testing. With complete coverage of the subject, Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians is an essential resource for students enrolled in veterinary technology programs and veterinary colleges, and may be used as a textbook to guide and supplement information provided in both didactic and laboratory-based clinical pathology courses.

Table of Contents:
List of Contributors xi Preface xiii About the Companion Website xv 1 Getting Started with Clinical Pathology 1 Amy L. MacNeill Introduction 2 Standard Equipment 3 Standard Supplies 14 Sample Types 17 Sample Storage and Preparation 17 Basic Laboratory Safety 18 2 Minimizing Laboratory Errors in Veterinary Practice 21 Bente Flatland Introduction 23 Laboratory Considerations 23 Laboratory Area 26 Types of Laboratory Error 27 Minimizing Laboratory Error 28 Minimizing All Types of Laboratory Error 28 Minimizing Preanalytical Error 31 Minimizing Analytical Error 32 Minimizing Postanalytical Error 38 Summary 39 Further Reading 39 3 Hematology 45 Amy L. MacNeill Introduction 48 Components of Peripheral Blood 49 Blood Cell Parameters 50 Erythrocytes 51 Leukocytes 68 Platelets 81 Atypical Cells in the Peripheral Blood 84 Blood Parasites 85 Hematology Methods 89 Further Reading 104 4 Hemostasis 109 Amy L. MacNeill Introduction 112 Physiology 112 Diagnostic Testing 120 Further Reading 129 5 Clinical Chemistry 131 Anne M. Barger Introduction 132 Available Testing 133 Sample Preparation 134 Sample Quality 137 Clinical Chemistry Health Profiles 140 Purpose 140 Blood Proteins 142 Kidney 147 Liver 153 Muscle 162 Pancreas 163 Glucose 164 Electrolytes 168 Calcium 168 Phosphorus 171 Sodium, Chloride, and Potassium 172 Acid–Base Balance 174 Further Reading 178 6 Urinalysis 181 Anne M. Barger Introduction 182 Urine Production 183 Concentration of Urine 184 Urine Collection 186 Examination of Urine 188 Urine Concentration 190 Urine Chemistry 193 Urine Sediment 196 Further Reading 217 7 Parasitology 219 Ashley K. McGrew Introduction 221 Classification of Parasites 222 Life Cycles 223 Effect of the Parasite on the Host 224 Endoparasites 224 Diagnostic Testing 224 Ectoparasites 258 Diagnostic Testing 258 Parasite Identification 263 Further Reading 275 Recommended Websites 276 8 Endocrinology 277 Jérémie Korchia Introduction 281 Hormonal Physiology 281 Generalities About Hormones 281 Classification of Hormones and Receptors 284 Origin of Endocrine Diseases 285 Samples for Hormone Measurement 288 Submission Form 288 Protocol Considerations 289 Sample Considerations 289 Measurement Methods 290 Endocrine Test Performance and Endocrine Result Interpretation 293 Performance of Immunoassays 293 Difference between Analytical and Clinical Performance 294 Main Endocrine Systems and Associated Diseases/Status in Veterinary Medicine 294 Adrenal System 294 Thyroid System 296 Calcium Regulating System 297 Water Regulatory Systems: Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone and ADH Hormone 298 Glucose Metabolism Regulation Systems 300 GH and IGF1 304 Reproductive System 305 Further Reading 311 Glossary of Terms 317 Index 329

About the Author :
Amy L. MacNeill, DVM, PhD, DACVP is an Associate Professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology in the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences at Colorado State University. Anne M. Barger, DVM, MS, DACVP is a Professor in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine at the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Illinois.