Defect Assessment for Integrity Management of Pipelines

DEFECT ASSESSMENT FOR INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT OF PIPELINES Make energy pipelines safer by improved defect assessment for integrity management Pipelines provide an effective and efficient mode for transportation of energies, including both conventional fossil fuels and renewable energies and fuels such as hydrogen, biofuels and carbon dioxide, over wide ranges and long distances, meeting economic development and civilian needs. While the integrity and safety of in-service pipelines is paramount to pipeline operators, there are many factors which can adversely affect the pipeline integrity and potentially result in pipeline failures and, sometimes, serious consequences. Defect Assessment for Integrity Management of Pipelines provides a thorough and detailed overview of various techniques that can be used to assess corrosion defects, the most common defects on pipelines, and other mechanical defects such as dents, buckles and winkles, all of which constitute essential threats to pipeline integrity. In addition to widely used standards and codes for defect assessment, readers can obtain the latest progress in development of advanced techniques for improved accuracy in defect assessment. From early-stage Level I methods to the newest Level III method integrating with the mechano-electrochemical interaction, Defect Assessment for Integrity Management of Pipelines has everything you need to improve safety of your pipelines. Defect Assessment for Integrity Management of Pipelines readers will also find: Evolution of defect assessment techniques and limitations to be overcome with improved techniques Detailed analysis of defect assessment for determination of fitness-for-service of the pipelines, and prediction of their failure pressures Both theoretical and practical aspects of the defect assessment methods applied on pipelines Defect Assessment for Integrity Management of Pipelines is ideal for pipeline professionals, researchers and graduate students to improve personal knowledge, research expertise, and technical skills.

Table of Contents:
Preface xiii List of Abbreviations and Symbols xvii 1 Pipeline Integrity Management 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Overview of Threats to Pipeline Integrity 2 1.3 Elements of Pipeline Integrity Management 25 1.4 Plan-Do-Check-Act Integrity Management Cycle 38 2 Levels I and II Assessment of Corrosion Anomalies on Pipelines 51 2.1 Defect Assessment for Pipeline FFS Determination 51 2.2 Evolution of Defect Assessment Techniques 53 2.3 Level I Defect Assessment on Pipelines 57 2.4 Level II Defect Assessment on Pipelines 67 3 Level III Assessment of Corrosion Anomalies on Pipelines 80 3.1 Introduction 80 3.2 Principle and Methods 80 3.3 Applications for FFS Determination and Failure Pressure Prediction of Pipelines 84 3.4 Commentary Remarks 130 4 Mechano-electrochemical Interaction for Level III Assessment of Corrosion Anomalies on Pipelines – A Single Corrosion Defect 137 4.1 Fundamentals of Mechano-electrochemical Interaction for Pipeline Corrosion 137 4.2 Multi-Physics Field Coupling at a Corrosion Defect on Pipelines 145 4.3 The M–E Interaction at a Single Corrosion Defect on Pipelines 147 5 Mechano-electrochemical Interaction for Level III Assessment of Corrosion Anomalies on Pipelines – Multiple Corrosion Defects 188 5.1 Introduction 188 5.2 Assessment of Multiple Corrosion Defects on Pipelines and Development of Interaction Rules 188 5.3 Interactions of Multiple Corrosion Defects with Irregular Orientations 215 6 Assessment of Dents on Pipelines 229 6.1 Introduction 229 6.2 Standards and Methods for Dent Assessment 230 6.3 Assessment of Dent-Defect Combinations on Pipelines 237 6.4 Fatigue Failure of Pipelines Containing Dents 243 6.5 Failure Criteria of Pipelines Containing Dents 245 6.6 Finite Element Modeling for Dent Assessment on Pipelines 248 7 Assessment of Buckles on Pipelines and Buckling Failure Analysis 273 7.1 Introduction 273 7.2 Buckling Failure Analysis of an X80 Steel Pipe Containing a Dent Under Bending Moment 274 7.3 Buckling Failure Analysis of a Corroded Pipe Under Axial Compressive Loading 284 7.4 Buckling Resistance of Corroded Pipelines under Bending Moment 293 7.5 Prediction of Burst Capacity of Corroded Pipelines under a Combined Bending Moment and Axial Compressive Load 305 References 321 Index 325

About the Author :
Y. Frank Cheng, PhD, FRSC, is professor, director and Canada Research Chair in Pipeline Engineering at the University of Calgary. He is an internationally recognized leader in energy pipeline technology, specializing in materials science, corrosion and integrity management of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and natural gas pipelines. He is the author of 4 books and over 300 journal papers. He is Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (RSC).