BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS Explore this comprehensive presentation of bone and joint infections, including non-implant and implant-associated orthopedic infections
In the newly revised Second Edition of Bone and Joint Infections: From Microbiology to Diagnostics and Treatment, accomplished researcher and author Werner Zimmerli delivers a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in the subject of bone and joint infection. Covering much of the new information appearing over the last five years, the book includes four new chapters presenting the diagnostic approach in bone and joint infections, discussing the identification of pathogens by non-culture techniques, management of multi-resistant bacteria in bone and joint infections by bacteriophages, and unusual microorganisms in periprosthetic joint infections.
Many of the chapters are also updated to include new information on topics like eubacterial PCR, multiplex PCR, and the shotgun metagenomics approach. These subjects are of increased applicability and interest to increase the fraction of cases with identified pathogens. The book also helps clinicians to understand MRI-based images and rapidly interpret and plan for comprehensive therapy.
Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:
- A thorough introduction to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in bone and preclinical models of infection in bone and joint surgery
- An exploration of native joint arthritis in children and adults, as well as an overview of septic arthritis of axial joints
- A practical discussion of the general aspects of periprosthetic joint infection, as well as specific aspects of periprosthetic joint infection after total hip and knee, shoulder, elbow, and ankle arthroplasty
- A concise treatment of osteomyelitis in children and adults
Perfect for infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, orthopedic and trauma surgeons, and internists, Bone and Joint Infections: From Microbiology to Diagnostics and Treatment will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in the implant industry and pharmaceuticals, as well as clinical pharmacologists and rheumatologists.
Table of Contents:
List of Contributors xii
Preface to the Second Edition xvi
Foreword to the First Edition xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Werner Zimmerli
Chapter 2 Diagnostic Approach in Bone and Joint Infections 5
Nora Renz, Donara Margaryan, and Andrej Trampuz
Introduction 5
Common Microorganisms Causing Bone and Joint Infection 7
Diagnostic Approach in Spinal Infection 8
Diagnostic Approach in Bone Fixation Device‐Associated Infection 10
Diagnostic Approach in Native Arthritis and Infections after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair (ACL‐R) 12
Diagnostic Approach in Periprosthetic Joint Infections (PJI) 15
Key Points 17
References 17
Chapter 3 Unusual Microorganisms in Periprosthetic Joint Infection 21
Camelia Marculescu and Werner Zimmerli
Introduction 21
Gram‐Positive Microorganisms 21
Gram‐Negative Microorganisms 26
Zoonotic Microorganisms 29
Anaerobic Microorganisms 34
Mycobacteria 35
Other Microorganisms 38
Key Points 40
References 40
Chapter 4 Identification of Pathogens in Bone and Joint Infections by Non‐Culture Techniques 51
Maria Eugenia Portillo and Stephane Corvec
Introduction 51
Broad‐Range PCR 51
Targeted PCR 53
Multiplex PCR 54
Next‐Generation Sequencing Approach 55
Mass Spectrometry‐Based Methods 58
Key Points 61
References 61
Chapter 5 Bacteriophages for Treatment of Biofilm Infections 65
Mercedes Gonzalez‐Moreno, Paula Morovic, Tamta Tkhilaishvili, and Andrej Trampuz
History of Bacteriophage Use in Human Infections 65
Principles of Bacteriophage Therapy 66
Activity of Bacteriophages against Bacterial Biofilms and Persisters 69
Bacteriophage Susceptibility Testing: the Phagogram 71
Experimental and Clinical Evidence with Bacteriophage Treatment 72
Local Delivery and Systemic Bacteriophage Application 74
Outlook and Future Perspectives 76
Key Points 77
References 78
Chapter 6 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antibiotics in Bone 81
Cornelia B. Landersdorfer, Jurgen B. Bulitta, Roger L. Nation, and Fritz Sorgel
Pharmacokinetics 81
Bone Sample Preparation and Analysis 82
Pharmacokinetic Sampling and Data Analysis 83
Penetration of Antibiotics into Bone 84
Pharmacodynamics and Monte Carlo Simulations 93
Conclusions 95
Key Points 96
References 96
Chapter 7 Preclinical Models of Infection in Bone and Joint Surgery 99
Caroline Constant, Lorenzo Calabro, Willem‐Jan Metsemakers, R. Geoff Richards, and T. Fintan Moriarty
Introduction 99
Influence of Species in Preclinical Models of Bone and Joint Infection 100
Overview of Animal Models 103
Direct Inoculation with Minimal Trauma 103
Animal Models of Bone and Joint Infection Incorporating Trauma 108
Hematogenous Models 108
Future Directions 109
Conclusions 110
Key Points 110
References 110
Chapter 8 Native Joint Arthritis in Children 117
Pablo Yagupsky
Introduction 117
Epidemiology 117
Microbiology 118
Pathogenesis 122
Clinical Presentation 123
Laboratory Investigation 125
Imaging Studies 127
Differential Diagnosis 128
Treatment 128
Prognosis 133
Key Points 134
References 134
Chapter 9 Native Joint Arthritis in Adults 139
Florian B. Imhoff, David E. Bauer, and Ilker Uckay
Introduction 139
Risk Factors 139
Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Microbiology 140
Diagnosis 141
Treatment 144
Outcome 147
Key Points 148
Acknowledgments 148
References 148
Chapter 10 Septic Arthritis of Axial Joints 151
Werner Zimmerli
Septic Arthritis of the Sternoclavicular Joint 151
Key Points 157
Septic Arthritis of the Symphysis Pubis 157
Key Points 161
Septic Arthritis of the Sacroiliac Joint 161
Key Points 165
References 165
Chapter 11 Periprosthetic Joint Infection: General Aspects 171
Werner Zimmerli
Introduction 171
Definition 172
Classification 172
Pathogenesis 172
Laboratory Investigation 176
Therapeutic Management 178
Prophylaxis 179
Errors in the Management of PJI 180
Key Points 180
References 181
Chapter 12 Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty 187
Werner Zimmerli, Rihard Trebse, and Martin Clauss
Introduction 187
Risk Factors 188
Microbiology 188
Clinical Features 189
Laboratory Investigation 190
Imaging Procedures 191
Management 192
Instructive Cases 202
References 206
Chapter 13 Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Shoulder Arthroplasty 213
Parham Sendi, Andreas Marc Muller, Beat K. Moor, and Matthias A. Zumstein
Introduction 213
Risk Factors 213
Microbiology 215
Pathogenesis 216
Clinical Features 217
Laboratory Investigation 218
Imaging Procedures 220
Management 220
Instructive Cases 224
References 226
Chapter 14 Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Elbow Arthroplasty 231
Yvonne Achermann, Michael C. Glanzmann, and Christoph Spormann
Introduction 231
Microbiology 232
Clinical Features 232
Diagnostic Procedures 234
Management 237
Instructive Cases 242
References 245
Chapter 15 Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Ankle Arthroplasty 251
Parham Sendi, Bernhard Kessler, and Markus Knupp
Introduction 251
Risk Factors 252
Microbiology 254
Clinical Features 254
Laboratory Investigation 255
Imaging Procedures 256
Management 257
Instructive Cases 260
References 262
Chapter 16 Osteomyelitis: Classification 265
Werner Zimmerli
Classification According to Pathogenesis 265
Classification According to the Duration of Infection 267
Classification According to the Localization 268
Classification According to the Presence of an Implant 269
Classification According to Anatomy and Comorbidity 269
References 270
Chapter 17 Osteomyelitis in Children 273
Alexander Aarvold, Priya Sukhtankar, and Saul N. Faust
Introduction 273
Epidemiology 273
Pathophysiology 274
Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Microbiology 275
Treatment 282
Complications 284
Key Points 285
References 286
Chapter 18 Acute Osteomyelitis in Adults 289
Werner Zimmerli
Introduction 289
Pathogenesis 289
Epidemiology 290
Microbiology 291
Risk Factors 293
Clinical Features 295
Laboratory Investigation 296
Imaging Procedures 298
Clinical and Imaging Differential Diagnosis 300
Treatment 301
Key Points 304
References 304
Chapter 19 Subacute Osteomyelitis: Tuberculous and Brucellar Vertebral Osteomyelitis 309
Juan D. Colmenero and Pilar Morata
Introduction 309
Epidemiology 309
Clinical Features 310
Laboratory Investigation 312
Imaging Procedures 315
Antimicrobial and Surgical Therapy 318
Key Points 321
References 321
Chapter 20 Chronic Osteomyelitis in Adults 325
Felix W.A. Waibel, Benedikt Jochum, and Ilker Uckay
Introduction 325
Pathogenesis 326
Diagnosis 326
Treatment 328
Key Points 333
Acknowledgments 333
References 333
Chapter 21 Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis 337
Eric Senneville and Olivier Robineau
Introduction 337
Classification 337
Microbiology 339
Risk Factors 341
Clinical Features 342
Inflammatory Parameters 342
Imaging Procedures 343
Treatment 344
Prevention 347
References 348
Chapter 22 Osteomyelitis of the Jaws 353
Werner Zimmerli
Introduction 353
Classification 353
Microbiology 355
Risk Factors 356
Clinical Features 356
Laboratory Investigation 359
Imaging Procedures 360
Management 361
Key Points 363
References 364
Chapter 23 Fracture‐Related Infection of the Long Bones 367
Parham Sendi, Mario Morgenstern, Willem‐Jan Metsemakers, and Martin McNally
Introduction 367
Classification and Risk Factors 368
Microbiology 370
Clinical Features 371
Laboratory Investigation 372
Imaging Procedures 373
Management 373
Instructive Cases 380
References 383
Chapter 24 Implant‐Associated Vertebral Osteomyelitis 387
Todd J. Kowalski and Arick P. Sabin
Introduction 387
Classification and Risk Factors 388
Microbiology 389
Clinical Features 393
Diagnostic Procedures 393
Treatment 395
Instructive Cases 402
References 404
Chapter 25 Postoperative Sternal Osteomyelitis 409
Parham Sendi, Mihai Constantinescu, and Lars Englberger
Introduction 409
Risk Factors 410
Microbiology 414
Clinical Features 414
Laboratory Investigation 415
Imaging Procedures 417
Management 417
Instructive Cases 422
References 425
Index 429
About the Author :
Werner Zimmerli is Professor Emeritus in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases and Consultant for Orthopedic Infections at the Kantonsspital Baselland/Liestal. His primary research focus is on implant-associated infections. He is also the co-publisher of an algorithm on the surgical management of periprosthetic joint infection.
