Neurology: A Queen Square Textbook

neurology A fully updated and authoritative neurology resource The Queen Square Textbook has established itself as a favourite companion to clinical neurosciences training and teaching around the world, whilst retaining its role as an invaluable reference guide for physicians and other healthcare professionals working in neurology, general medicine and related specialties. The book continues to reflect the core values essential to the practice of clinical neurology in the 21st century. The third edition has been extensively revised and updated to take account of the rapid pace of progress in the neurosciences and patient care. Contemporary neurology has been changed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the climate emergency and the growing inequalities in healthcare resources. The new edition has been extensively revised to reflect these challenges and affords a greater emphasis on management and rehabilitation whilst continuing to reflect the coherence of a text produced from a single, closely-knit, centre of excellence. Highlights of the new edition include: An updated approach to clinical examination, decision-making and diagnosis New developments in neuroimmunology, pathology and genetics Neuropalliative care Ethical and legal issues in clinical neurology The latest developments in the understanding and management of stroke, movement disorders, epilepsy, cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis, infections, myelopathy, anterior horn cell disease, disorders of nerve and muscle, neuro-oncology, neurological disorders of hearing, balance and vision, and the neurological care of critical illness, sleep, neuropsychiatry, pain, autonomic and urological disorders. An emphasis on treatment and rehabilitation of the person with a neurological disease The new edition marks a significant transition to reflect contemporary neurological practice during uncertain times. It mirrors the enormous changes in investigation, diagnosis and treatment that have occurred in recent years whilst maintaining the underlying principle that we do not treat diagnoses but, rather, we care for people affected by neurological disease.

Table of Contents:
Contributors vii About the Editors xiii Foreword to the Third Edition xv Preface to First Edition xvii Preface to Second Edition xix Preface to Third Edition xxi Acknowledgements xxiii 1 Global Burden of Neurological Disease and the Neurology of Climate Change 1 Hadi Manji and Sanjay Sisodiya 2 Approach to the Patient with Neurological Disease 17 Robin Howard, Gerry Christofi, Alex Rossor, Jason Warren and David Werring 3 Decision Making, Ethics and Law in Neurology 37 Jonathan Martin and Alex Ruck Keene 4 Neuropathology: Introduction to History, Diagnostic Approaches, Techniques and their Interpretation 53 Sebastian Brandner 5 Neuroimaging 67 Frederik Barkhof and Francesco Carletti 6 Neurogenetics 79 Henry Houlden, Andrea Cortese and Edward J. Wild 7 Neuroimmunology 91 Michael Zandi, Aisling Carr, Rachel Brown and Michael Lunn 8 Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 107 David Werring, Matthew Adams, Laura Benjamin, Martin Brown, Arvind Chandratheva, Peter Cowley, Joan Grieve, Fiona Humphries, Hans Rolf Jäger, Nicholas Losseff, Richard Perry, Robert Simister and Ahmed Toma 9 Movement Disorders 199 Thomas Foltynie, Kailash Bhatia, Carla Cordivari, Eileen Joyce, Prasad Korlipara, Patricia Limousin, Tabish A. Saifee, Sarah Tabrizi and Thomas Warner 10 Epilepsy and Related Disorders 247 John Duncan, Josemir Sander, Ali Alim-Marvasti, Simona Balestrini, Sallie Baxendale, Dorothea Bindman, Krishna Chinthapalli, Fahmida Chowdhury, Beate Diehl, Sofia Eriksson, Jackie Foong, Dominic Heaney, Sofia Khan, Matthias Koepp, Dimitri Kullmann, Sanjeev Rajakulendran, Fergus Rugg-Gunn, Meneka Sidhu, Sanjay Sisodiya, Jane de Tisi, Maria Thom, Matthew Walker and Mahinda Yogarajah 11 Cognitive Impairment and Dementia 319 Jason Warren, John Collinge, Nick Fox, Simon Mead, Catherine Mummery, Jonathan Rohrer, Martin Rossor, Jonathan Schott and Rimona Weil 12 Infection in the Nervous System 369 Robin Howard, Laura Benjamin, Sophia De-Saram, Catherine Houlihan and Hadi Manji 13 Cranial Nerve Disorders 433 Robin Howard, Jeremy Chataway and Paul Jarman 14 Spinal Column and Spinal Cord Disorders 463 Tabish A. Saifee, Simon Farmer, Sachit Shah and David Choi 15 Disorders of the Motor Cells: The Motor Neuron Diseases 499 Andrea Malaspina, Jan Clarke, Pietro Fratta, Robin Howard, Ross Nortley, Richard Orrell, Rickie Patani, Katie Sidle and Michaela Waltho 16 Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves 517 Michael Lunn, Alex Rossor and Mary Reilly 17 Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction 561 Jennifer Spillane, Robin Howard, Dimitri Kullmann and Georgiana Logou 18 Disorders of Muscle 575 Jasper Morrow, Michael Hanna, Matt Parton and Christopher Turner 19 Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases 603 Siobhan Leary, Wallace Brownlee, Noreen Barker, Declan Chard, Jeremy Chataway, Karen Chung, Olga Ciccarelli, Gavin Giovannoni, Nevin John, Zhaleh Khaleeli, Josephine Swanton, Ahmed Toosy, Anand Trip, Heather Wilson and Alan Thompson 20 Neuro-Oncology 655 Jeremy Rees, Sebastian Brandner, Naomi Fersht, Joan Grieve, Gary Hotton, Michael Kosmin, Vittorio Russo, Lewis Thorne and Steffi Thust 21 Headache 721 Manjit Matharu, Paul Shanahan, Tim Young and Salwa Kamourieh 22 Neuro-Ophthalmology 741 James Acheson, Fion Bremner, Sara Ajina, Gordon Plant, Robin Howard, Alexander Leff and Ahmed Toosy 23 Neuro-Otology: Dizziness, Balance and Hearing 797 Diego Kaski, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Adolfo Bronstein and Nehzat Koohi 24 Cerebellar Ataxias and Related Conditions 839 Nicholas Wood 25 Restorative Neurology, Rehabilitation and Brain Injury 855 Valerie Stevenson, Sara Ajina, Gerry Christofi, Rachel Farrell, Richard Greenwood, Camille Julien, Siobhan Leary, Alexander Leff, Orlando Swayne, Richard Sylvester and Nick Ward 26 Toxic, Metabolic and Physical Insults to the Nervous System 903 Robin Howard, Talal Al-Mayhani, Aisling Carr, Alexander Leff, Jasper Morrow and Alexander Rossor 27 Inherited Disorders of Metabolism 945 Elaine Murphy, Charlotte Ellerton, Simon Heales, Robin Lachmann, David Lynch and Robert Pitceathly 28 Disorders of Consciousness and Intensive Care Neurology 987 Robin Howard, Dimitri Kullmann, Andrew Paget, Jennifer Spillane and Manni Waraich 29 Disorders of Sleep 1049 Sofia Eriksson, Robin Howard, Sofia Khan and Matthew Walker 30 Neuropsychiatry 1061 Eileen Joyce and Dorothea Bindman 31 Pain in Neurological Disorders 1075 Alan Fayaz and Anupam Bhattacharjee 32 Autonomic Aspects of Neurology 1097 Valeria Iodice, Gordon Ingle, Christopher Mathias and Patricia McNamara 33 Uro-Neurology 1137 Jalesh N. Panicker, Sara Simeoni and Mahreen Pakzad 34 Systemic Conditions and Neurology 1155 David Werring, Aisling Carr, Robin Howard, Dimitri Kullmann and Michael Zandi 35 Palliative Care in Neurology 1203 Jonathan Martin, Jan Clarke, Robin Howard and Michaela Waltho Index 1219

About the Author :
Robin Howard PhD FRCP FFICM Robin Howard trained in medicine in Cambridge and at the Middlesex Hospital. His neurology training was in Oxford, London, and at the National Hospital Queen Square. He undertook his PhD in the Sobell Department of Neurophysiology at the Institute of Neurology. He has been a consultant neurologist at the National Hospital, Queen Square, and St. Thomas' Hospital, honorary Associate professor at the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, and honorary civilian adviser to the Royal Navy since 1992. He was head of service for a large general neurological practice at St. Thomas' Hospital and neurologist to three intensive care units. He was senior neurologist to specialist units for the care of patients with myasthenia gravis, motor neuron disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and post- polio syndrome at both Queen Square and St Thomas' hospitals and has written and lectured extensively on each of the subjects. He has been a senior editor and contributor to all three editions of Neurology: A Queen Square Textbook. Dimitri Kullmann FRCP FMedSci FRS Dimitri Kullmann trained in medicine in Oxford and London and completed a DPhil in Oxford. Following a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of California San Francisco, he trained in neurology at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, and established a laboratory focusing on synaptic transmission at the Institute of Neurology. He is now a professor of neurology at the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and honorary consultant neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. His research interests include the fundamental mechanisms of synapse function, neurological channelopathies and gene therapy for epilepsy. He was the Editor of Brain from 2014 to 2020 and is on the Editorial Board of Neuron. He was made a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2001 and of the Royal Society in 2018. David Werring PhD FRCP FESO David Werring trained in medicine at Guy's Hospital Medical School and in neurology in London. He was appointed as a consultant neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square in 2005. He is Professor of Clinical Neurology at the Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, and honorary consultant neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. He delivers acute and outpatient stroke care and leads a research programme focussed on intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel disease. He is head of the Research Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, chair of the Association of British Neurologists Stroke Advisory Group, stroke specialty lead for the National Institute for Health Research North Thames Clinical Research Network, President- Elect of the British and Irish Association of Stroke Physicians, and editorial board member of the European Journal of Neurology, European Stroke Journal, International Journal of Stroke and Practical Neurology. David Werring chaired the UK Stroke Forum 2020-2022 Michael Zandi PhD FRCP Michael Zandi trained in medicine in Cambridge, and completed neurology training in Cambridge, Norwich and London, and a PhD in Cambridge with time in the laboratory of Professor Angela Vincent at the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine in Oxford. He is a consultant neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Honorary Associate Professor at the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology. His research interests include the mechanisms, natural history and clinical treatments of autoimmune encephalitis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy related inflammation, neuroimmunology broadly, and the role of inflammation and autoimmunity in cognitive and psychiatric disorders. He has advised NHS England, the Royal College of Physicians and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.