Design of Unmanned Aerial Systems: (Aerospace Series)

Provides a comprehensive introduction to the design and analysis of unmanned aircraft systems with a systems perspective Written for students and engineers who are new to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle design, this book teaches the many UAV design techniques being used today and demonstrates how to apply aeronautical science concepts to their design.  Design of Unmanned Aerial Systems covers the design of UAVs in three sections—vehicle design, autopilot design, and ground systems design—in a way that allows readers to fully comprehend the science behind the subject so that they can then demonstrate creativity in the application of these concepts on their own. It teaches students and engineers all about: UAV classifications, design groups, design requirements, mission planning, conceptual design, detail design, and design procedures. It provides them with in-depth knowledge of ground stations, power systems, propulsion systems, automatic flight control systems, guidance systems, navigation systems, and launch and recovery systems. Students will also learn about payloads, manufacturing considerations, design challenges, flight software, microcontroller, and design examples. In addition, the book places major emphasis on the automatic flight control systems and autopilots. Provides design steps and procedures for each major component Presents several fully solved, step-by-step examples at component level Includes numerous UAV figures/images to emphasize the application of the concepts Describes real stories that stress the significance of safety in UAV design Offers various UAV configurations, geometries, and weight data to demonstrate the real-world applications and examples Covers a variety of design techniques/processes such that the designer has freedom and flexibility to satisfy the design requirements in several ways Features many end-of-chapter problems for readers to practice Design of Unmanned Aerial Systems is an excellent text for courses in the design of unmanned aerial vehicles at both the upper division undergraduate and beginning graduate levels.

Table of Contents:
Preface xix Acronyms xxv Nomenclature xxix About the Companion Website xxxvii 1 Design Fundamentals 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 UAV Classifications 5 1.3 Review of a Few Successful UAVs 8 1.4 Design Project Planning 12 1.5 Decision Making 13 1.6 Design Criteria, Objectives, and Priorities 15 1.7 Feasibility Analysis 17 1.8 Design Groups 17 1.9 Design Process 18 1.10 Systems Engineering Approach 19 1.11 UAV Conceptual Design 21 1.12 UAV Preliminary Design 27 1.13 UAV Detail Design 28 1.14 Design Review, Evaluation, Feedback 30 1.15 UAV Design Steps 30 Questions 32 2 Preliminary Design 35 2.1 Introduction 35 2.2 Maximum Takeoff Weight Estimation 36 2.3 Weight Buildup 36 2.4 Payload Weight 37 2.5 Autopilot Weight 37 2.6 Fuel Weight 39 2.7 Battery Weight 43 2.8 Empty Weight 47 2.9 Wing and Engine Sizing 48 2.10 Quadcopter Configuration 52 Questions 60 Problems 61 3 Design Disciplines 65 3.1 Introduction 66 3.2 Aerodynamic Design 67 3.3 Structural Design 69 3.4 Propulsion System Design 71 3.5 Landing Gear Design 75 3.6 Mechanical and Power Transmission Systems Design 78 3.7 Electric Systems 80 3.8 Control Surfaces Design 85 3.9 Safety Analysis 90 3.10 Installation Guidelines 95 Questions 96 Design Questions 97 Problems 99 4 Aerodynamic Design 101 4.1 Introduction 102 4.2 Fundamentals of Aerodynamics 103 4.3 Wing Design 104 4.4 Tail Design 113 4.5 Vertical Tail Design 119 4.6 Fuselage Design 123 4.7 Antenna 130 4.8 Aerodynamic Design of Quadcopters 132 4.9 Aerodynamic Design Guidelines 133 Questions 134 Problems 136 5 Fundamentals of Autopilot Design 141 5.1 Introduction 142 5.2 Dynamic Modeling 146 5.3 Aerodynamic Forces and Moments 153 5.4 Simplification Techniques of Dynamic Models 157 5.5 Fixed‐Wing UAV Dynamic Models 161 5.6 Dynamic Model Approximation 169 5.7 Quadcopter (Rotary‐Wing) Dynamic Model 170 5.8 Autopilot Categories 176 5.9 Flight Simulation – Numerical Methods 181 5.10 Flying Qualities for UAVs 185 5.11 Autopilot Design Process 187 Questions 188 Problems 190 6 Control System Design 195 6.1 Introduction 196 6.2 Fundamentals of Control Systems 197 6.3 Servo/Actuator 203 6.4 Flight Control Requirements 207 6.5 Control Modes 209 6.6 Controller Design 223 6.7 Autonomy 234 6.8 Manned–Unmanned Aircraft Teaming 237 6.9 Control System Design Process 243 Questions 246 Problems 249 7 Guidance System Design 255 7.1 Introduction 256 7.2 Fundamentals 257 7.3 Guidance Laws 263 7.4 Command Guidance Law 265 7.5 PN Guidance Law 269 7.6 Pursuit Guidance Law 273 7.7 Waypoint Guidance Law 274 7.8 Sense and Avoid 282 7.9 Formation Flight 291 7.10 Motion Planning and Trajectory Design 293 7.11 Guidance Sensor – Seeker 294 7.12 Guidance System Design 296 Questions 298 Problems 300 8 Navigation System Design 305 8.1 Introduction 306 8.2 Classifications 307 8.3 Coordinate Systems 309 8.4 Inertial Navigation System 311 8.5 Kalman Filtering 315 8.6 Global Positioning System 317 8.7 Position Fixing Navigation 322 8.8 Navigation in Reduced Visibility Conditions 323 8.9 Inertial Navigation Sensors 323 8.10 Navigation Disturbances 335 8.11 Navigation System Design 345 Questions 348 Problems 351 9 Microcontroller 355 9.1 Introduction 356 9.2 Basic Fundamentals 358 9.3 Microcontroller Circuitry 367 9.4 Embedded Systems 369 9.5 Microcontroller Programming 371 9.6 Programming in C 374 9.7 Arduino 378 9.8 Open‐Source Commercial Autopilots 384 9.9 Design Procedure 387 9.10 Design Project 388 Questions 393 Problems 395 Design Projects 397 10 Launch and Recovery Systems Design 399 10.1 Introduction 400 10.2 Launch Technologies and Techniques 402 10.3 Launcher Equipment 410 10.4 Fundamentals of Launch 415 10.5 Elevation Mechanism Design 422 10.6 VTOL 424 10.7 Recovery Technologies and Techniques 424 10.8 Recovery Fundamentals 429 10.9 Launch/Recovery Systems Mobility 431 10.10 Launch and Recovery Systems Design 433 Questions 437 Problems 440 Design Projects 443 11 Ground Control Station 445 11.1 Introduction 446 11.2 GCS Subsystems 448 11.3 Types of Ground Stations 448 11.4 GCS of a Number of UAVs 460 11.5 Human‐Related Design Requirements 464 11.6 Support Equipment 469 11.7 GCS Design Guidelines 472 Questions 473 Problems 475 Design Problems 476 Laboratory Experiments 477 12 Payloads Selection/Design 481 12.1 Introduction 482 12.2 Elements of Payload 483 12.3 Payloads of a Few UAVs 484 12.4 Cargo or Freight Payload 487 12.5 Reconnaissance/Surveillance Payload 488 12.6 Scientific Payloads 505 12.7 Military Payloads 508 12.8 Electronic Counter Measure Payloads 509 12.9 Payload Installation 511 12.10 Payload Control and Management 520 12.11 Payload Selection/Design Guidelines 520 Questions 523 Problems 525 Design Problems 527 13 Communications System Design 531 13.1 Fundamentals 532 13.2 Data Link 534 13.3 Transmitter 536 13.4 Receiver 537 13.5 Antenna 539 13.6 Radio Frequency 541 13.7 Encryption 544 13.8 Communications Systems of a Few UAVs 545 13.9 Installation 547 13.10 Communications System Design 547 13.11 Bi‐directional Communications Using Arduino Boards 548 Questions 558 Problems 560 Laboratory Experiments 561 Design Projects 562 14 Design Analysis and Feedbacks 565 14.1 Introduction 566 14.2 Design Feedbacks 567 14.3 Weight and Balance 569 14.4 Stability Analysis 573 14.5 Controllability Analysis 579 14.6 Flight Performance Analysis 582 14.7 Cost Analysis 591 Questions 593 Problems 595 References 601 Index 609