Architectural Regeneration

A comprehensive and detailed overview of the active regeneration, rehabilitation and revitalisation of architectural heritage.   The combined processes of globalisation, urbanisation, environmental change, population growth and rapid technological development have resulted in an increasingly complex, dynamic and interrelated world, in which concerns about the meaning of cultural heritage and identity continue to grow. As the need for culturally and environmentally sustainable design grows, the challenge for professionals involved in the management of inherited built environments is to respond to this ever-changing context in a critical, dynamic and creative way.   Our knowledge and understanding of the principles, approaches and methods to sustainably adapt existing buildings and places is rapidly expanding. Architectural Regeneration contributes to this knowledge-base through a holistic approach that links policy with practice and establishes a theoretical framework within which to understand architectural regeneration. It includes extensive case studies of the regeneration, rehabilitation and revitalisation of architectural heritage from around the world. Different scales and contexts of architectural regeneration are discussed, including urban, suburban, rural and temporary. At a time when regeneration policy has shifted to the recognition that ‘heritage matters’ and that the historic environment and creative industries are a vital driver of regeneration, an increasing workload of architectural practices concerns the refurbishment, adaptive re-use or extension of existing buildings. As a result, this book is ideal for undergraduate and graduate students of architecture, historic conservation, urban and environmental design, sustainability, and urban regeneration, as well as for practitioners and decision makers working in those fields.   

Table of Contents:
Author Biographies xiii Architectural Regeneration: An Introduction xxi Aylin Orbaşl𝚤 and Marcel Vellinga Theory xxii Context xxiv Design xxvii Acknowledgements xxix Bibliography xxx Part I Theory 1 1 Architectural Regeneration and its Theoretical Context 3 Aylin Orbaşl𝚤 and Marcel Vellinga Introduction 3 Theoretical Context 4 Processes of Transformation 4 Architecture as a Dynamic Process 5 Conservation Theory 7 Defining a Continuum: Re-Merging Conservation and Design in Architecture 8 Architecture as a Transformative Tool 9 Architectural (Design) Theory 10 Regeneration Theories 11 Theories of Place Identity and Authenticity 12 Speeding Up and Time Theories 13 The Principles that Shape Architectural Regeneration 14 Architecture is a Cultural Process 14 Context/Environment Matters 15 Adaptive Capacity and Robustness 15 The Art of Adding and Subtracting 17 Contextual Complexity and Interconnectedness 17 Design Adds Value 21 Conclusion 21 Further Reading 22 Bibliography 22 2 Making the Case for Architectural Regeneration 27 Aylin Orbaşl𝚤 Introduction 27 Heritage-Led Regeneration 28 Economic Benefits and Cycles of Architectural Regeneration 30 Environmental Benefits of Architectural Regeneration 37 Intangible and Social Benefits of Architectural Regeneration 38 Conclusion 41 Further Reading 43 Bibliography 43 3 Decision-making in Regeneration Practice 47 Juliet Carpenter Introduction 47 Urban Regeneration Governance Within a Theoretical Context 48 Evolution of Decision-making for Urban Regeneration 49 Public vs Private-led Regeneration 49 Community Engagement in Regeneration 51 Post-2008 Regeneration 53 Conclusion 55 Further Reading 56 Bibliography 57 4 Creativity, Newcomers, and the Transformation of Inner Cityscapes 61 Stephen J. Shaw Introduction 61 Conceptual Framework: Reconstructing ‘Creativity’, Space, and Place 63 The Long View: Polity, Policy, and Practice in the UK 67 Street-level Developments: New Hotspots for Creativity and Growth? 69 Conclusion 75 Further Reading 77 Bibliography 77 Case Study 1 Architectural Regeneration in Oxford, UK 81 Geoffrey Randell Introduction 81 Regeneration and Industry 82 Regeneration of Oxford Castle and Prison 83 Reflections 92 Acknowledgements 95 Bibliography 95 Part II Context 97 5 Urban Conservation and Regeneration 99 Aylin Orbaşl𝚤 Introduction 99 The Context of Urban Conservation 100 What’s in a Name? 100 The Urban Conservation Movement: A Brief History 101 Urban Conservation in the Planning Context 105 Urban Conservation in Practice 106 Hip Neighbourhoods and Gentrification 106 Historic Places as Tourism Destinations 110 Flagship Projects and Branded Quarters 113 Industrial Areas 115 Reimaging and Reimagining Historic Urban Quarters 117 Making Urban ConservationWork 119 Conclusion 121 Further Reading 121 Bibliography 122 6 Suburban Regeneration: An Exercise in Perpetual Place-Making 127 Denise Lawrence-Zúñiga Introduction 127 Gentrifying Bungalow Neighbourhoods 130 Mansionising the Modern Suburb 136 Regenerating Suburban Communities with Immigrants 139 Conclusion 141 Further Reading 143 Bibliography 143 7 Rural Regeneration 145 Sanja Lončar and Marcel Vellinga Introduction 145 Conceptualising Rurality 147 Rural Realities 150 Architecture in Rural Areas 152 Architectural Regeneration and Counter-urbanisation 154 Architectural Regeneration in Abandoned Rural Areas 156 Architectural Regeneration in Protected Areas 158 Architectural Regeneration as Part of Thematic Routes 160 Conclusion 162 Further Reading 163 Bibliography 163 8 Temporariness in Architectural Regeneration 169 Aylin Orbaşl𝚤 and Joanna Karmowska Introduction 169 The Notion of Temporariness and Organisational Temporariness 171 Defining ‘Temporary’ in the Urban Context 172 Key Players and Drivers 174 The Role of Temporary Interventions in Regeneration 177 Longer-term Impacts and Unintended Consequences 179 Conclusion 182 Further Reading 183 Bibliography 184 9 Regenerating Unfinished Buildings 189 Igea Troiani and Andrew Dawson Introduction: Unfinished Buildings in an Age of Uncertainty 189 Research on Unfinished Buildings: From Venezuela to Italy, to Greece and Beyond 191 The Evolution of Concrete Frame Construction: From Maison Domino to Polykatoikia 194 Design Tactics for Unfinished Athens 195 Sustainable Design for Unfinished Buildings 200 The Temporary Design of Unfinished Buildings 201 The Socio-cultural Engagement of Unfinished Buildings 203 Ethical Design Practice for Unfinished Buildings 203 Socio-political, Activist Critique of Unfinished Buildings 206 Conclusion: Reflections on Unfinished Athens and Architecture’s Relationship with Capitalism 207 Acknowledgements 209 Bibliography 211 Case Study 2 Architectural Regeneration in Istanbul, Turkey 215 Deniz Ikiz Kaya Introduction 215 Regeneration Approaches and Practices in Istanbul 216 Planning and Regulatory Systems 216 Culture-led Regeneration in the Post-industrial Waterfronts 217 Tourism-led Regeneration in Historic Residential Areas 219 Reconstruction as a Tool of Regeneration 222 Conclusion 224 Bibliography 225 Part III Design 227 10 Adaptive Reuse as a Design Process 229 Jonathan Bassindale Introduction 229 The Research-based Approach 230 Evidential Value 231 Historical Value 231 Aesthetic Value 232 Communal Value 232 Building Recording and Baseline Information 233 Feasibility 235 Design Interventions 237 Summary and Conclusions 241 Further Reading 241 Bibliography 242 11 Sustainability in Architectural Regeneration 245 Paola Sassi Introduction 245 Sustainability and the Built Environment: A Framework for Architectural Regeneration 246 Regeneration: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Solutions 251 Synergistic Aims of Regeneration and Sustainability 252 Compatible Aims of Regeneration and Sustainability 253 Conflicting and Challenging Aims of Regeneration and Sustainability 256 Heritage Versus Sustainable Building Operation 258 Conclusion 262 Acknowledgements 263 Further Reading 263 Bibliography 264 12 Architectural Regeneration Practice in Different Contexts 267 Julia Wedel Introduction 267 ‘The Best of AllWorlds’: Heritage Regeneration in International Development 267 AccessingWork in Heritage Conservation and International Development 268 Garnering Local Support: Negotiating the Interface Between Regeneration and Development 269 Project Funding, Community Gains, and CollaborativeWorking 271 Shaping Mentalities Towards a Shared Sense of Ownership 271 Decision-Making Between Conservation, Repair, and Replacement 272 Creative Reuse in Architectural Practice 273 Lessons from Engaging with Local Communities 275 The Architect as BriefWriter 277 Improving Environmental Performance in Existing Building: Redefining Achievable and Desirable 278 The Future of Financing Architectural Regeneration 279 Regeneration Practice in a London Local Authority 279 Balancing Competing Needs Across the Scales of Area Regeneration 280 Addressing Housing Challenges Within Multiple Constraints 281 Making Space for Conservation in Local Authority Regeneration 282 Opportunities and Priorities for Creative Regeneration Practice in Municipal Settings 282 Regeneration Practice as Citizenship: Negotiating Social Histories in Times of Transition and Crisis 283 Client Relationships as Advocacy for Dialogue and Participation 283 Shaping Policy to Protect Cultural Heritage in Times of Socio-Political Transition 284 Architectural Intervention in Existing Contexts 285 Conclusions 287 Acknowledgements 288 Bibliography 289 13 Design in Context 291 Matt Gaskin Introduction 291 Method 292 Context 294 Working with Layers 295 Articulation and Layering 296 Facadism 301 Wider Context and Education 301 Conclusion 303 Further Reading 304 Bibliography 304 Case Study 3 Architectural Regeneration Through Public Education in Portugal 307 Sofia Aleixo Introduction 307 The Significance of Public Historic Schools 307 The Heritage Values of liceus 308 Safeguarding Portuguese liceus 310 The Adaptive Reuse Context 310 Challenges Encountered in Managing Change 311 The Assessment of Heritage Significance 312 Adaptive Reuse Design Principles and Strategies 313 Conclusion 318 Acknowledgements 318 Bibliography 319 14 Teaching Architectural Regeneration 321 Aylin Orbaşl𝚤, Marcel Vellinga, Julia Wedel, and Geoffrey Randell Introduction 321 Approach and Framework 323 The Value of Research 324 Being Realistic 327 Resource Sensitivity 330 Programme Management 333 Fitting it all in 333 Practices of Engagement 335 Achieving Impact Through Education 338 Conclusion 339 Acknowledgements 340 Bibliography 340 Index 343

About the Author :
AYLIN ORBAŞLI is Reader in Architectural Regeneration and MARCEL VELLINGA is Professor of Anthropology of Architecture, both at Oxford Brookes University, UK.