Unit Operations in Environmental Engineering

The book presents the principles of unit operations as well as the application of these principles to real-world problems. The authors have written a practical introductory text exploring the theory and applications of unit operations for environmental engineers that is a comprehensive update to Linvil Rich's 1961 classic work, "Unit Operations in Sanitary Engineering". The book is designed to serve as a training tool for those individuals pursuing degrees that include courses on unit operations. Although the literature is inundated with publications in this area emphasizing theory and theoretical derivations, the goal of this book is to present the subject from a strictly pragmatic introductory point-of-view, particularly for those individuals involved with environmental engineering. This book is concerned with unit operations, fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer. Unit operations, by definition, are physical processes although there are some that include chemical and biological reactions. The unit operations approach allows both the practicing engineer and student to compartmentalize the various operations that constitute a process, and emphasizes introductory engineering principles so that the reader can then satisfactorily predict the performance of the various unit operations equipment. "This is a definitive work on Unit Operations, one of the most important subjects in environmental engineering today. It is an excellent reference, well written, easily read and comprehensive. I believe the book will serve well those working in engineering disciplines including those beyond just environmental and chemical engineering. Bottom-line: A must for any technical library". —Kenneth J. Skipka, CCM

Table of Contents:
Preface xi Introduction xvii Part I: Introduction to Principles of Unit Operations 1 1 History of Chemical Engineering and Unit Operations 3 2 Transport Phenomena versus the Unit Operations Approach 7 3 The Conservation Laws and Stoichiometry 11 4 The Ideal Gas Law 19 5 Thermodynamics 27 6 Chemical Kinetics 39 7 Equilibrium versus Rate Considerations 51 8 Process and Plant Design 57 Part II: Fluid Flow 69 9 Fluid Behavior 71 10 Basic Energy Conservation Laws 81 11 Law of Hydrostatics 89 12 Flow Measurement 95 13 Flow Classification 107 14 Prime Movers 121 15 Valves and Fittings 135 16 Air Pollution Control Equipment 145 17 Sedimentation, Centrifugation, and Flotation 157 18 Porous Media and Packed Beds 171 19 Filtration 181 20 Fluidization 193 21 Membrane Technology 205 22 Compressible and Sonic Flow 219 23 Two-Phase Flow 225 24 Ventilation 237 25 Mixing 247 26 Biomedical Engineering 253 Part III: Heat Transfer 265 27 Steady-State Conduction 267 28 Unsteady-State Conduction 275 29 Forced Convection 281 30 Free Convection 289 31 Radiation 299 32 The Heat Transfer Equation 311 33 Double Pipe Heat Exchangers 325 34 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 337 35 Finned Heat Exchangers 347 36 Other Heat Transfer Equipment 357 37 Insulation and Refractory 369 38 Refrigeration and Cryogenics 375 39 Condensation and Boiling 391 40 Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection (OM&I) 403 41 Design Principles 411 Part IV: Mass Transfer 419 42 Equilibrium Principles 421 43 Phase Equilibrium Relationships 429 44 Rate Principles 443 45 Mass Transfer Coefficients 453 46 Classification of Mass Transfer Operations 465 47 Characteristics of Mass Transfer Operations 473 48 Absorption and Stripping 485 49 Distillation 495 50 Adsorption 505 51 Liquid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Extraction 517 52 Humidification 529 53 Drying 543 54 Absorber Design and Performance Equations 555 55 Distillation Design and Performance Equations 571 56 Adsorber Design and Performance Equations 589 57 Crystallization 597 58 Other and Novel Separation Processes 609 Part V: Case Studies 615 59 Drag Force Coefficient Correlation 617 60 Predicting Pressure Drop with Pipe Failure for Flow through Parallel Pipes 621 61 Developing an Improved Model to Describe the Cunningham Correction Factor Effect 623 62 Including Entropy Analysis in Heat Exchange Design 625 63 Predicting Inside Heat Transfer Coefficients in Double-Pipe Exchangers 629 64 Converting View Factor Graphical Data to Equation Form 631 65 Correcting a Faulty Absorber Design 633 66 A Unique Liquid-Liquid Extraction Unit 635 67 Effect of Plate Failure on Distillation Column Performer 639 Appendix A: Units 641 Appendix B: Miscellaneous Tables 649 Appendix C: Steam Tables 653 Appendix D: Basic Calculations 663

About the Author :
Louis Theodore, MChE and EngScD, is a retired professor of chemical engineering (50 years). He is the author of several publications, including Fluid Flow for the Practicing Chemical Engineer, Thermodynamics for the Practicing Engineer, Mass Transfer Operations for the Practicing Engineer, and Air Pollution Control Equipment Calculations. Dr. Theodore is also a contributor to Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook. R. Ryan Dupont has more than 35 years of experience teaching and conducting applied and basic research in environmental engineering at the Utah Water Research Laboratory at Utah State University. He received his PhD degrees in Environmental Health Engineering from the University of Kansas, Lawrence and has been a Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at USU since 1995, serving as the Head of the Environmental Engineering Division for 10 years. He was a 2015 National Air and Waste Management Association Richard I. Stessel Waste Management Award winner for excellence in Waste Management Education. Kumar Ganesan is currently a professor and department head of the Department of Environmental Engineering at Montana Tech where he has been for the past 35 years. He received his PhD from Washington State University at Pullman, Washington in Engineering Science. His current research includes developing bio-fiber based metallic nanoparticle filters to remove toxic metals from air and water.