Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives

This book is based on the 13 review articles written by subject experts and published in 2014 in the Journal Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives. The rationale for publication of this book is that currently the RAA has limited circulation, so this book provides broad exposure and dissemination of the concise, critical, illuminating, and thought-provoking review articles. The subjects of the reviews fall into 4 general areas: 1. Polymer surface modification 2. Biomedical, pharmaceutical and dental fields 3. Adhesives and adhesive joints 4. General Adhesion Aspects The topics covered include: Adhesion of condensed bodies at microscale; imparting adhesion property to silicone material; functionally graded adhesively bonded joints; synthetic adhesives for wood panels; adhesion theories in wood adhesive bonding; adhesion and surface issues in biocomposites and bionanocomposites; adhesion phenomena in pharmaceutical products and applications of AFM; cyanoacrylate adhesives in surgical applications; ways to generate monosort functionalized polyolefin surfaces; nano-enhanced adhesives; bonding dissimilar materials in dentistry; flame treatment of polymeric materials—relevance to adhesion; and mucoadhesive polymers for enhancing retention of ocular drug delivery.

Table of Contents:
Preface xv 1 Adhesion of Condensed Bodies at Microscale: Variation with Movable Boundary Conditions 1 Jian-Lin Liu, Jing Sun, Runni Wu and Re Xia 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Kinematics: Energy Variation with Movable Boundary Conditions 3 1.3 Microbeam/plate Adhesion 9 1.4 Droplet Adhesion to a Solid 13 1.5 Elastica Model of CNT Adhesion 17 1.6 Cell Adhesion 20 1.7 Summary and Prospects 23 Acknowledgements 24 References 24 2 Imparting Adhesion Property to Silicone Materials: Challenges and Solutions 31 R. Kalinova, R. Mincheva and Ph. Dubois 2.1 Introduction 32 2.2 Cured PDMS 32 2.3 Methods for Cross-Linked PDMS Surface Modification 37 2.4 Summary and Prospects 48 Acknowledgements 48 References 50 3 Functionally Graded Adhesively Bonded Joints 57 M. Kemal Apalak 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Functionally Graded Materials 61 3.3 Constitutive Relations 63 3.4 Joints with Functionally Graded Adherends 67 3.5 Functionally Graded Adhesives 73 3.6 Conclusions 77 References 78 4 Synthetic Adhesives for Wood Panels: Chemistry and Technology 85 A. Pizzi 4.1 Introduction 85 4.2 Urea-formaldehyde (UF) Adhesives 87 4.3 Melamine-formaldehyde (MF) and Melamine-ureaformaldehyde (MUF) Adhesives 93 4.4 Phenolic Resins 99 4.5 Isocyanate Wood Adhesives 106 4.6 Summary 116 References 116 5 Adhesion Theories in Wood Adhesive Bonding 125 Douglas J. Gardner, Melanie Blumentritt, Lu Wang and Nadir Yildirim 5.1 Introduction 125 5.2 Mechanical Interlocking and Mechanics of Adhesive-Wood Interactions 129 5.3 Electrostatic Adhesion 135 5.4 Wettability, Surface Energy, Thermodynamic Adhesion 137 5.5 Diffusion Theory of Adhesion 145 5.6 Covalent Bonding 148 5.7 Acid-base Theory 149 5.8 Weak Boundary Layer 150 5.9 Discussion and Future Research Prospects 155 5.10 Summary 157 References 158 6 Adhesion and Surface Issues in Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 169 Cintil Jose, Merin Sara Thomas, B. Deepa, Laly A. Pothan and Sabu Thomas 6.1 Introduction 170 6.2 Biopolymers 170 6.3 Chemical Modification of Cellulose, Chitin and Starch 174 6.4 Bio-based Matrices 177 6.5 Processing Techniques 184 6.6 Interfacial Adhesion Issues 185 6.7 Interface Characterization Techniques 189 6.8 Summary and Conclusions 207 References 207 7 Adhesion Phenomena in Pharmaceutical Products and Applications of AFM 219 Emily Callard Preedy, Stefano Perni and Polina Prokopovich 7.1 Introduction 220 7.2 Adhesion in Pharmaceuticals 222 7.3 Atomic Force Microscopy 232 7.4 Prospects 236 7.5 Summary 237 Acknowledgments 237 References 237 8 Cyanoacrylate Adhesives in Surgical Applications 245 Edward M. Petrie 8.1 Introduction 245 8.2 Types of Surgical Adhesives 249 8.3 History of Cyanoacrylate Surgical Adhesives 257 8.4 Formulation Development 269 8.5 Properties 278 8.6 Clinical History 285 8.7 Future Potential 290 8.8 Summary 292 References 293 9 Ways to Generate Monosort Functionalized Polyolefin Surfaces 299 J. Friedrich, R. Mix and G. Hidde 9.1 Introduction 300 9.2 Production of Monotype Functional Groups 312 9.3 Other Methods for Introduction of Monotype Functional Groups onto the Polyolefin Surface (Plasma Polymerization, Underwater Plasma, ElectroSpray Ionization Deposition, Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Ionization, Chemical Pretreatment) 329 9.4 Hydrophobic Recovery 335 9.5 Grafting onto Functionalized Polyolefin Surfaces 336 9.6 Summary and Conclusions 342 References 344 10 Nano-Enhanced Adhesives 357 Shahin Shadlou, Babak Ahmadi-Moghadam and Farid Taheri 10.1 Introduction 357 10.2 Why Nanostructured Reinforcements? 358 10.3 Development of Polymer-based Nanocomposites 360 10.4 Mechanical Properties of Nano-reinforced Adhesives 364 10.5 Other Advantages of Nano-Reinforced Adhesives 383 10.6 Conclusion 389 10.7 Acknowledgements 390 References 390 11 Bonding Dissimilar Materials in Dentistry 397 Muhammad Zakir, James Kit-Hon Tsoi, Chun Hung Chu, Christie Ying Kei Lung and Jukka Pekka Matinlinna 11.1 Introduction 398 11.2 Silane Coupling Agents 399 11.3 Zirconate Coupling Agents 403 11.4 Phosphate Coupling Agents 404 11.5 Thione/thiol Coupling Agents 405 11.6 Titanate Coupling Agents 406 11.7 Zircoaluminate Coupling Agents 408 11.8 Other Coupling Agents 408 11.9 Conclusion 410 References 411 12 Flame Treatment of Polymeric Materials: Relevance to Adhesion 417 L. Mazzola and A. Cusma 12.1 Introduction 418 12.2 Flame Treatment Equipment 418 12.3 Effects of Flame Treatment on Plastics 426 12.4 Conclusion 445 References 447 13 Mucoadhesive Polymers for Enhancing Retention in Ocular Drug Delivery 451 Anubha Khare, Kanchan Grover, Pravin Pawar and Inderbir Singh 13.1 Introduction 451 13.2 Composition of Mucus Layer 453 13.3 Natural Mucoadhesive Polymers 454 13.4 Synthetic Polymers 467 13.5 Gene Delivery 472 13.6 Patented Formulations 472 13.7 Future Prospects 472 13.8 Conclusion 473 Acknowledgement 474 References 474 Index 485

About the Author :
Kashmiri Lal Mittal was employed by the IBM Corporation from 1972 through 1993. Currently, he is teaching and consulting worldwide in the broad areas of adhesion as well as surface cleaning. He has received numerous awards and honors including the title of doctor honoris causa from Maria Curie-Skodowska University, Lublin, Poland. He is the editor of more than 115 books dealing with adhesion measurement, adhesion of polymeric coatings, polymer surfaces, adhesive joints, adhesion promoters, thin films, polyimides, surface modification, surface cleaning, and surfactants. Dr. Mittal is also the Founding Editor of the journal Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives.