The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, Set: (4 Volumes The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences)

The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (EPID) is organized into four volumes that look at the many likenesses and differences between individuals. Each of these four volumes focuses on a major content area in the study of personality psychology and individuals' differences. The first volume, Models and Theories, surveys the significant classic and contemporary viewpoints, perspectives, models, and theoretical approaches to the study of personality and individuals' differences (PID). The second volume on Measurement and Assessment examines key classic and modern methods and techniques of assessment in the study of PID. Volume III, titled Personality Processes and Individuals Differences, covers the important traditional and current dimensions, constructs, and traits in the study of PID. The final volume discusses three major categories: clinical contributions, applied research, and cross-cultural considerations, and touches on topics such as culture and identity, multicultural identities, cross-cultural examinations of trait structures and personality processes, and more. Each volume contains approximately 100 entries on personality and individual differences written by a diverse international panel of leading psychologists Covers significant classic and contemporary personality psychology models and theories, measurement and assessment techniques, personality processes and individuals differences, and research Provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the field of personality psychology The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences is an important resource for all psychology students and professionals engaging in the study and research of personality.

Table of Contents:
Volume 1 Contributor Biographies ix Gordon Allport 1 Roy F. Baumeister 11 Jack Block 17 David M. Buss 21 Paul T. Costa Jr. 25 Robert McCrae 29 Ed Diener 35 Erik H. Erikson 45 Hans J. Eysenck 51 David Funder 57 Lewis R. Goldberg 63 Karen Horney 67 Carl Jung 73 Abraham H. Maslow 79 Dan McAdams 83 Walter Mischel 89 Carl Rogers 95 George Kelly 101 Agreeableness 105 Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler 111 Animal Personalities 117 Conscientiousness 123 Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) 129 Cattell Trait Theory Lexical Analysis 135 Interpersonal Circumplex 141 Psychodynamic Perspective of Defense Mechanisms 147 Delay of Gratification 153 Extraversion – Introversion 159 Ego Control/Ego Resiliency Theory (ARCH) 165 Emotional Intelligence 173 Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development 179 Evolutionary Theory of Personality 185 Psychoticism 199 Five Factor Model, Facets of 203 Gender Differences in Personality, Evolutionary Perspective on 209 Contemporary Theories of Gender Identity 215 Gene-environment Interaction 221 Goldberg vs Costa/McCrae Five Factors 225 Grit 231 Hedonic Adaptation 237 Heritability 243 HEXACO Model of Personality 249 Independent/Interdependent Self 257 Personal Construct Theory of George A. Kelly 263 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 269 Meaning in Life 275 Neuroticism 281 Narrative Approach 287 Openness 293 Optimism/Pessimism Carver and Scheier Theory 299 Personal Projects 305 Personality and Language 311 Personality Stability and Change over Time 317 Personality in Culture 323 Personality Stability over Time 329 Priming 335 Realistic Accuracy Model 341 Rejection Sensitivity 351 Resilience Theory of, Not Just the Trait Dimension 357 Schemas, Theory of 363 Self-Determination Theory 369 Self-efficacy Theory 375 Self-esteem, Theory of 381 Self-Monitoring, Theory of 387 Self-other Interjudge Agreement; Theory of Accuracy 393 Self-Presentation Theory/Impression Management 397 Social Learning Theory/Social Cognitive Theory 401 Terror Management Theory 407 Trait Theory of Allport 413 Whole Trait Theory 417 Index 423 Volume 2 Contributor Biographies xi Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Personality Research: General Concerns and Considerations 1 Cross-Cultural Research, Methodological Issues of 13 Idiographic vs. Nomothetic Research 19 Longitudinal Research 25 Person-Situation Interactions 31 Researcher Biases 37 Unconscious Processes 43 Cognitive Methods in Personality Research 49 Experimental Approaches 55 Historiometry 61 Internet Research in Personality 67 Linguistic Analysis in Personality Research (including the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) 73 Personal Narratives 79 Personality Development Across the Lifespan 85 Personality in Non-Humans 91 Physical and Virtual Spaces 97 Psychobiography and Case Study Methods 103 Factor Analysis in Personality Research 109 Meta-analysis in Personality Research 113 Multiple Regression in Personality Research 119 Path Analysis in Personality Research 125 Size Effects in Personality Research 131 Structural Equation Modeling in Personality Research 137 Acculturation Considerations in Personality Assessment 143 Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT) 149 Culture-Free/Fair Intelligence Testing 153 Item Analysis 159 Reliability, Issues of 165 Issues of Response Styles 169 Responsibilities of Testing Professionals 175 Rights of Test-takers 181 Validity, Issues of 187 Aggressiveness, Assessment of 191 Anger and Hostility, Assessment of 197 Anxiety, Assessment of 203 Jealousy, Assessment of 209 Love and Attraction, Assessment of 215 Masculinity and Femininity 219 Narcissism, Assessment of 225 Optimism/Pessimism, Assessment of 231 Positive and Negative Affective States, Assessment of 237 Self-Esteem, Assessment of 243 Self-monitoring (to include the Self-Monitoring Scale), Assessment of 249 Self-regulation, Assessment of 255 Self-consciousness, Assessment of 261 Subjective Well-being, Assessment of 267 California Psychological Inventory (CPI) 273 Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP) 279 Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised 283 Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) 287 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 293 Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire 309 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 315 Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire (NPQ) 321 Objective-Analytic Test Battery (OA TB) 325 Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) 329 Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) 335 Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) 351 Projective Techniques, General Features and Methodological Issues 357 Assessing Implicit Motives 363 The Rorschach Test 367 Tell-Me-A-Story (TEMAS) 377 Thematic Apperception Test 381 Word-Related and Figure-Construction Projection Techniques 387 Behavioral Genetics, General Features and Methodological Issues 393 Biochemical Assessment 397 Human Genome Project and Personality 403 Model Fitting 409 Twin Studies in Personality Research 415 Behavioral Assessment Techniques, General Features and Methodological Issues 421 Behavioral Assessment Techniques of Personality in Children 427 Cognitive-Behavioral and Cognitive–Self-Report Assessment Techniques 433 Self-monitoring Behavioral Assessment Techniques 439 Assessment of Intelligence, General Features and Methodological Issues 447 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fifth Edition 451 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAISC-IV) 457 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) 465 Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) 473 Intelligence-Personality Association, Assessment of 477 Abilities, General Features and Methodological Issues 483 Assessment of Antisocial Behavior 487 Career and Vocational Interests and Abilities, Assessment of 493 Cognitive Aging, Assessment of 499 Creativity, Assessment of 503 Educational Ability Testing (GRE/MAT/MCAT/LSAT) 509 Emotional Intelligence, Assessment of 513 Genius, Assessment of 519 Mental Competency, Assessment of 523 The Wechsler Memory Scales (WMS-IV) 529 Anne Anastasi 533 Jens B. Asendorpf 543 James N. Butcher 547 Charles S. Carver 553 Lee J. Cronbach 557 Turhan Canli 563 Philip J. Corr 569 John M. (Jack) Digman 573 John E. Exner, Jr. 577 Oliver P. John 581 Henry A. Murray 587 Jack A. Naglieri 597 Warren T. Norman 601 William Revelle 605 Michael F. Scheier 611 Mark Snyder 617 David Wechsler 621 Index 625 Volume 3 Contributor Biographies xi Adaptability 1 Aggression, Personality Correlates 7 Altruism 13 Alexithymia 19 Androgyny, Expression of 25 Anger 31 Anxiety 37 Authoritarianism 43 Personality Correlates of Behavioral Inhibition/Activation 49 Big Five Model of Personality 55 Cognitive and Personality Correlates of Achievement 61 Compassion 67 Compulsive Personality 73 Coping 79 Core Self-Evaluation 83 Creativity 89 Culture and Personality 95 Dark Triad 101 Decisional Styles 107 Defense Mechanisms, Contemporary Perspectives 113 Depression 119 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Ed.: DSM-5 125 Empathy, Personality Correlates of 131 Emotional Competence 137 Entrepreneurship/Intrapreneurship, Personality Correlates of 143 Evolutionary Theory and Personality Correlates of Mate Selection 149 Eysenck Giant Three 155 Extraversion, Personality Correlates of 161 Flow 167 Gender Differences in Aggression 173 Gender Differences in Perceived Traits of Men and Women 179 Gender Differences in Self-esteem and Self-confidence 185 Gender Differences in Subjective Well-Being 191 General Personality Factor 195 Genetic Basis of Personality 201 Gene–Environment Interaction 207 Genius, Personality Correlates of 211 Guilt 217 Health and Personality 221 Honesty 227 Hopelessness 231 Hostility, Personality Correlates of 237 Impulsivity 243 Intuition 249 Policy Researcher and Educator: Originally it was Independent Researcher and Policy Analyst 255 Judgments of Personality 261 Learned Helplessness 269 Life Satisfaction 275 Locus of Control, Personality Correlates of 281 Loneliness 287 Mindfulness 293 Motivation (Achievement, Affiliation, Power) 299 Neuroticism, Personality Correlates of 305 Obsessive Personality 311 Optimism and Pessimism: Conceptualization, Personality Correlates, and Contextual Considerations 317 Perfectionism 323 Persistence, Personality Correlates 329 Personality Development 335 Phobia 339 Positive Self-capital 345 Psychopathy 351 Religiosity 357 Risk Taking 363 Self-concept, Expressions of the 369 Self-control 375 Self-construal 381 Self-efficacy 387 Self-efficacy, Career 393 Self-esteem, Expressions of 399 Self-regulation 405 Sensation Seeking 411 Shyness 417 16PF, Correlates of 423 Social Desirability 429 Social Intelligence 435 Temperament, Personality Correlates of 439 Test Anxiety 445 Trauma 451 Trustworthiness 457 Twin Studies and Personality 461 Unconscious Processes, Expression of Personality Process 465 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi 469 Jeffrey A. Gray 473 Douglas N. Jackson 479 John F. Kihlstrom 483 Salvatore R. Maddi 489 Julie K. Norem 493 Robert J. Plomin 497 Julian B. Rotter 501 Mark Savickas 505 Dean Keith Simonton 511 Marvin Zuckerman 517 Raymond B. Cattell 521 Index 529 Volume 4 Contributor Biographies xi Clinical Applications of Psychodynamic Theories of Personality 1 Clinical Applications of Behavioral Theory of Personality 19 Clinical Applications of Humanistic Theory of Personality 27 Clinical Applications of Cognitive Behavioral Theory of Personality 37 Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder 55 Personality and Depression 61 Dissociative Disorders 67 Autism Spectrum Disorder 75 Addictive Personality and Substance Abuse Disorders (SUD) 81 Borderline Personality Disorder 89 Antisocial Personality Disorder 97 Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder 103 Narcissistic Personality Disorder 109 Schizotypal Personality Disorder 115 Avoidant Personality Disorder 121 Sadism and Masochism 127 Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology 133 Eating Disorders 139 Neuropsychiatric Disorders 145 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 151 Individual Differences and Sleep Disorders 157 Pain and Personality 163 Personality and Sexual Dysfunctions 169 Paranoid Personality Disorder 175 Schizoid Personality Disorder 181 Histrionic Personality Disorder 187 Dependent Personality Disorder 193 Individual Differences in Acculturation 199 Allocentrism vs. Idiocentrism 205 Monolingualism, Bilingualism, Multilingualism 209 Monocultural versus Multicultural 215 Biculturalism 221 Biracial and Multiracial Individuals 227 Social Class 233 Cultural Encapsulation 239 Machismo 243 Marianismo 247 Visible Racial/Ethnic Group (VREG) 253 Cross-Cultural Emotional Expression 257 Culturally Adapted Psychotherapy 263 Cultural Intelligence 269 Personality and Prejudice 275 Universality vs. Cultural Specificity of Personality 281 Individualism vs. Collectivism 287 Personality and Geography 299 Personality Psychology in Japan 305 Personality Psychology in Africa 311 Personality Psychology in China 317 Personality Psychology in Central and South America 323 Personality Psychology from an Islamic Perspective 329 Tiger Mother 335 Native Hawaiian Personality 341 Personality and Aging 347 Personality and Longevity 353 Personality and Health 359 Personality and Well-being 365 Self-Healing and Disease-Prone Personalities 371 Individual Differences in Coping with Stress 377 Type A/B Personalities 383 Personality and Cancer 387 Resiliency and Hardiness 393 Personality and Risk-Seeking 399 Personality and Suicide 405 Burnout 411 Religiosity and Spirituality 417 Personality and Positive Psychology 423 Hope 429 Forgiveness 435 Gratitude 441 Personality and Volunteerism 447 Morning vs. Night People 453 Diversity in Work Teams 459 Creativity in the Workplace 465 Individual Differences in Creativity 471 Individual Differences in Employee Performance 479 Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace 485 Personality and Leadership 491 Leadership Styles 499 Character and Leadership 505 Personality and Intelligence in Employee Selection 511 Sub-clinical Traits in the Workplace 517 Bullying and Personality 523 Social Skills in the Workplace 527 Personality and Workplace Deviance 533 Integrity Testing and Counterproductive Work Behavior 539 Learning Styles / Fixed vs. Growth Mindset 545 Flow 551 Personality in Military Settings 557 Personality and Educational Outcomes 563 Personality and Law Enforcement 569 Personality and Forensic Psychology 575 Personality and Consumer Behavior/Lifestyle Analysis 581 Marketing and Personality 587 Personality, Interests, and Careers 593 Personality and Counterproductive Work Behavior 599 Friedman, Howard 605 Furnham, Adrian Frank 609 Hogan, Robert 615 Holland, John 621 Matarazzo, Joseph D. 627 McClelland, David C. 631 Beck, Aaron T. 637 Seligman, Martin E. P. 643 Spielberger, Charles 649 Clark, Kenneth and Mamie 655 Helms, Janet E. 661 Hofstede Geert 667 Reginald Jones 673 McIntosh, Peggy 679 Root, Maria Primitiva Paz 685 Sue, Derald Wing 689 Triandis, Harry C 695 Trimble, Joseph Everett 701 White, Joseph L 705 Jones, James M 709 Index 713

About the Author :
BERNARDO J. CARDUCCI, PHD, was professor of psychology at Indiana University Southeast where he taught classes on personality psychology and introductory psychology for 37 years, and was director of the IU Southeast Shyness Research Institute. He authored several books on shyness, including The Pocket Guide to Making Successful Small Talk: How to Talk to Anyone Anytime Anywhere About Anything and Shyness: A Bold New Approach. His text, Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications, is currently in its third edition. CHRISTOPHER S. NAVE, PHD, is the Managing Director of the interdisciplinary Master of Behavioral and Decision Sciences program at the University of Pennsylvania. His areas of expertise include multi-method design, behavioral observation, personality stability, personality judgment and well-being. His publications have appeared in top academic journals and handbooks and have been featured in the popular press.