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Home > Science, Technology & Agriculture > Energy technology and engineering > Electrochemical Power Sources: Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors(The ECS Series of Texts and Monographs)
Electrochemical Power Sources: Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors(The ECS Series of Texts and Monographs)

Electrochemical Power Sources: Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors(The ECS Series of Texts and Monographs)


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About the Book

Electrochemical Power Sources (EPS) provides in a concise way the operational features, major types, and applications of batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors • Details the design, operational features, and applications of batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors • Covers improvements of existing EPSs and the development of new kinds of EPS as the results of intense R&D work • Provides outlook for future trends in fuel cells and batteries • Covers the most typical battery types, fuel cells and supercapacitors; such as zinc-carbon batteries, alkaline manganese dioxide batteries, mercury-zinc cells, lead-acid batteries, cadmium storage batteries, silver-zinc batteries and modern lithium batteries

Table of Contents:
Foreword xv Acknowledgements xvii Preface xix Symbols xxi Abbrevations xxiii Introduction xxv Part I Batteries with Aqueous Electrolytes 1 1 General Aspects 3 1.1 Definition 3 1.2 Current-Producing Chemical Reaction 3 1.3 Classification 5 1.4 Thermodynamic Aspects 6 1.5 Historical Development 8 1.6 Nomenclature 9 Reviews and Monographs 10 2 Main Battery Types 11 2.1 Electrochemical Systems 11 2.2 Leclanché (Zinc–Carbon) Batteries 12 2.3 The Zinc Electrode in Alkaline Solutions 14 2.4 Alkaline Manganese–Zinc Batteries 14 2.5 Lead Acid Batteries 17 2.6 Alkaline Nickel Storage Batteries 20 2.7 Silver–Zinc Batteries 23 References 24 Monographs and Reviews 25 3 Performance 27 3.1 Electrical Characteristics of Batteries 27 3.2 Electrical Characteristics of Storage Batteries 30 3.3 Comparative Characteristics 30 3.4 Operational Characteristics 31 References 32 4 Miscellaneous Batteries 33 4.1 Mercury–Zinc Batteries 33 4.2 Compound Batteries 34 4.3 Batteries with Water as Reactant 37 4.4 Standard Cells 38 4.5 Reserve Batteries 39 Reference 41 Reviews and Monographs 41 5 Design and Technology 43 5.1 Balance in Batteries 43 5.2 Scale Factors 44 5.3 Separators 44 5.4 Sealing 46 5.5 Ohmic Losses 47 5.6 Thermal Processes in Batteries 48 6 Applications of Batteries 51 6.1 Automotive Equipment Starter and Auxiliary Batteries 51 6.2 Traction Batteries 52 6.3 Stationary Batteries 53 6.4 Domestic and Portable Systems 53 6.5 Special Applications 54 7 Operational Problems 55 7.1 Discharge and Maintenance of Primary Batteries 55 7.2 Maintenance of Storage Batteries 56 7.3 General Aspects of Battery Maintenance 60 8 Outlook for Batteries with Aqueous Electrolyte 63 References 64 Part II Batteries with Nonaqueous Electrolytes 65 9 Different Kinds of Electrolytes 67 9.1 Electrolytes Based on Aprotic Nonaqueous Solutions 68 9.2 Ionically Conducting Molten Salts 69 9.3 Ionically Conducting Solid Electrolytes 70 References 72 10 Insertion Compounds 73 Monographs and Reviews 76 11 Primary Lithium Batteries 77 11.1 General Information: Brief History 77 11.2 Current-Producing and Other Processes in Primary Power Sources 79 11.3 Design of Primary Lithium Cells 81 11.4 Fundamentals of the Technology of Manufacturing of Lithium Primary Cells 82 11.5 Electric Characteristics of Lithium Cells 82 11.6 Operational Characteristics of Lithium Cells 83 11.7 Features of Primary Lithium Cells of Different Electrochemical Systems 84 Monographs 89 12 Lithium Ion Batteries 91 12.1 General Information: Brief History 91 12.2 Current-Producing and Other Processes in Lithium Ion Batteries 93 12.3 Design and Technology of Lithium Ion Batteries 96 12.4 Electric Characteristics, Performance, and Other Characteristics of Lithium Ion Batteries 98 12.5 Prospects of Development of Lithium Ion Batteries 99 Monographs 101 13 Lithium Ion Batteries: What Next? 103 13.1 Lithium–Air Batteries 103 13.2 Lithium–Sulfur Batteries 106 13.3 Sodium Ion Batteries 108 Reviews 110 14 Solid-State Batteries 111 14.1 Low-Temperature Miniature Batteries with Solid Electrolytes 111 14.2 Sulfur–Sodium Storage Batteries 112 Monographs and Reviews 115 15 Batteries with Molten Salt Electrolytes 117 15.1 Storage Batteries 117 15.2 Reserve-Type Thermal Batteries 120 References 122 Part III Fuel Cells 123 16 General Aspects 125 16.1 Thermodynamic Aspects 125 16.2 Schematic Layout of Fuel-Cell Units 128 16.3 Types of Fuel Cells 131 16.4 Layout of a Real Fuel Cell: The Hydrogen–Oxygen Fuel Cell with Liquid Electrolyte 132 16.5 Basic Parameters of Fuel Cells 134 Reference 140 Monographs 140 17 The Development of Fuel Cells 141 17.1 The Period prior to 1894 141 17.2 The Period from 1894 to 1960 143 17.3 The Period from 1960 to the 1990s 144 17.4 The Period after the 1990s 148 References 149 Monographs and Reviews 150 18 Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) 151 18.1 The History of PEMFC 151 18.2 Standard PEMFC Version of the 1990s 154 18.3 Operating Conditions of PEMFC 156 18.4 Special Features of PEMFC Operation 157 18.5 Platinum Catalyst Poisoning by Traces of Co in the Hydrogen 159 18.6 Commercial Activities in Relation to PEMFC 161 18.7 Future Development of PEMFCs 162 18.8 Elevated-Temperature PEMFCs (ET-PEMFCs) 167 References 170 Reviews 170 19 Direct Liquid Fuel Cells with Gaseous, Liquid, And/Or Solid Reagents 171 19.1 Current-Producing Reactions and Thermodynamic Parameters 172 19.2 Anodic Oxidation of Methanol 172 19.3 Use of Platinum–Ruthenium Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation 173 19.4 Milestones in DMFC Development 173 19.5 Membrane Penetration by Methanol (Methanol Crossover) 174 19.6 Varieties of DMFC 176 19.7 Special Operating Features of DMFC 178 19.8 Practical Prototypes of DMFC and Their Features 180 19.9 The Problems to be Solved in Future DMFC 181 19.10 Direct Liquid Fuel Cells (DLFC) 183 Reference 188 Reviews 188 20 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) 191 20.1 Special Features of High-Temperature Fuel Cells 191 20.2 The Structure of Hydrogen–Oxygen MCFC 192 20.3 MCFC with Internal Fuel Reforming 194 20.4 The Development of MCFC Work 195 20.5 The Lifetime of MCFCs 196 References 198 Reviews and Monographs 198 21 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) 199 21.1 Schematic Design of a Conventional SOFC 200 21.2 Tubular SOFCs 201 21.3 Planar SOFCs 202 21.4 Varieties of SOFCs 205 21.5 The Utilization of Natural Fuels in SOFCs 206 21.6 Interim-Temperature SOFCs (ITSOFCs) 208 21.7 Low-Temperature SOFCs (LT-SOFC) 211 21.8 Factors Influencing the Lifetime of SOFCs 211 References 212 Monographs and Reviews 212 22 Other Types of Fuel Cells 213 22.1 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs) 213 22.2 Redox Flow Fuel Cells 218 22.3 Biological Fuel Cells 221 22.4 Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFCs) 224 References 227 Monographs 227 23 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) 229 23.1 Hydrogen–Oxygen AFCs 230 23.2 Problems in the AFC Field 233 23.3 The Present State and Future Prospects of AFC Work 235 23.4 Anion-Exchange (Hydroxyl Ion Conducting) Membranes 236 23.5 Methanol Fuel Cell with an Invariant Alkaline Electrolyte 237 References 237 Monograph 237 24 Applications of Fuel Cells 239 24.1 Large Stationary Power Plants 239 24.2 Small Stationary Power Units 242 24.3 Fuel Cells for Transport Applications 243 24.4 Portables 248 24.5 Military Applications 250 References 250 25 Outlook for Fuel Cells 251 25.1 Alternating Periods of Hope and Disappointment—Forever? 252 25.2 Development of Electrocatalysis 252 25.3 “Ideal Fuel Cells” Do Exist 253 25.4 Expected Future Situation with Fuel Cells 255 Reference 256 Monographs 256 Part IV Supercapacitors 257 26 General Aspects 259 26.1 Electrolytic Capacitors 259 References 261 27 Electrochemical Supercapacitors with Carbon Electrodes 263 27.1 Introduction 263 27.2 Main Properties of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) 264 27.3 EDLC Energy Density and Power Density 267 27.4 Fundamentals of EDLC Macrokinetics 271 27.5 Porous Structure and Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Properties of Highly Dispersed Carbon Electrodes 272 27.6 Effect of Ratio of Ion and Molecule Sizes and Pore Sizes 275 27.7 Effect of Functional Groups on EDLC Characteristics 277 27.8 Electrolytes Used in EDLC 279 27.9 Impedance of Highly Dispersed Carbon Electrodes 283 27.10 Nanoporous Carbons Obtained Using Various Techniques 286 27.11 High-Frequency Carbon Supercapacitors 303 27.12 Self-Discharge of Carbon Electrodes and Supercapacitors 306 27.13 Processes of EDLC Degradation (AGING) 311 References 313 Monograph and Reviews 313 28 Pseudocapacitor Electrodes and Supercapacitors 315 28.1 Electrodes Based on Inorganic Salts of Transition Metals 315 28.2 Electrodes Based on Electron-Conducting Polymers (ECPs) 322 28.3 Redox Capacitors Based on Organic Monomers 333 28.4 Lithium-Cation-Exchange Capacitors 335 References 337 Monograph and Reviews 337 29 Hybrid (Asymmetric) Supercapacitors (HSCs) 339 29.1 HSCs of MeOx/C Types 339 29.2 HSCs of ECP/C Type 343 References 344 Review 344 30 Comparison of Characteristics of Supercapacitors and Other Electrochemical Devices. Characteristics of Commercial Supercapacitors 345 Reference 350 Reviews 350 31 Prospects of Electrochemical Supercapacitors 351 32 Electrochemical Aspects of Solar Energy Conversion 355 32.1 Photoelectrochemical Phenomena 355 32.2 Photoelectrochemical Devices 356 32.3 Photoexcitation of Metals (Electron Photoemission into Solutions) 356 32.4 Behavior of Illuminated Semiconductors 357 32.5 Semiconductor Solar Batteries (SC-SB) 358 32.6 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) 360 References 363 Reviews and Monographs 363 Author Index 365 Subject Index 369

About the Author :
The Late Vladimir S. Bagotsky (2013) was an acclaimed scientist in the field of electrochemical phenomena.  He has worked as the Head of Department at the Moscow Power Sources Institute, supervising development of fuel cells for various national and international projects.  For 20 years, he was the Head of Department and Principal Scientist at the A.N. Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry.  He has published more than 400 papers in scientific journals such as the Russian Journal of Electrochemistry and The Journal of Power Sources. Alexander  M. Skundin, PhD is a chief scientist at the A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of sciences. He is one of the main experts on lithium batteries in Russia. Yurij M. Volfkovich, PhD, is chief scientist at the A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of sciences, and is one of the main experts on supercapacitors in Russia.

Review :
“Electrochemical Power Sources: Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors” is an excellent introductory text to electrochemical energy devices which covers material considerations, historical developments of the technology and future prospects, spanning fundamental mechanisms to engineering challenges at a high level perspective. The supercapacitor section in particular goes into much more detail of the materials. This text would be most useful for students studying an introduction to electrochemistry course.”  (Johnson Matthey Technology Review, 1 October 2015)


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781118942512
  • Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Publisher Imprint: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Language: English
  • Series Title: The ECS Series of Texts and Monographs
  • ISBN-10: 1118942515
  • Publisher Date: 02 Feb 2015
  • Binding: Digital (delivered electronically)
  • No of Pages: 400
  • Sub Title: Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors


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