Coal-Fired Power Generation Handbook: (Power Generation)

The most complete and up-to-date handbook on power generation from coal, this book covers all of today's new, cleaner methods for creating electricity from coal, the environmental challenges and concerns involved in its production, and developing technologies Coal accounts for approximately one quarter of world energy consumption. Of the coal produced worldwide, approximately 65% is shipped to electricity producers and 33% to industrial consumers, and most of the remainder goes to consumers in the residential and commercial sectors. The total share of total world energy consumption by coal is expected to increase to almost 30% in 2035. This handbook describes the challenges and steps by which electricity is produced from coal and deals with the challenges for removing the environmental objections to the use of coal in future power plants. New technologies are described that could virtually eliminate the sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury pollutants that are released when coal is burned for electricity generation. In addition, technologies for the capture of greenhouse gases emitted from coal-fired power plants are described and the means of preventing such emissions from contributing to global warming concerns.

Table of Contents:
Preface xv 1 Occurrence and Resources 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Origin of Coal 8 1.3 Occurrence 12 1.4 Coal Utilization and Coal Types 14 1.5 Resources 23 1.6 Reserves 27 References 34 2 Classification 37 2.1 Introduction 37 2.2 Classification Systems 40 2.3 Coal Petrography 58 2.4 Correlation of the Various Systems 63 References 67 3 Recovery, Preparation, and Transportation 69 3.1 Introduction 69 3.2 Coal Recovery 71 3.3 Coal Preparation 79 3.4 Size Reduction 92 3.5 Coal Cleaning 98 3.6 Coal Drying 106 3.7 Desulfurization 113 3.8 Transportation 115 References 121 4 Storage 127 4.1 Introduction 127 4.2 Oxidation and Spontaneous Ignition 129 4.3 Mechanism of Spontaneous Ignition 140 4.4 Stockpiling 144 4.5 Effect of Storage 149 4.6 Preventing Spontaneous Ignition 151 References 153 5 General Properties 159 5.1 Introduction 159 5.2 Sampling 164 5.3 Proximate Analysis 171 5.4 Ultimate Analysis 187 5.5 Calorific Value 195 5.6 Reporting Coal Analyses 198 References 204 6 Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties 211 6.1 Introduction 211 6.2 Physical Properties 215 6.3 Mechanical Properties 225 6.4 Thermal Properties 234 6.5 Epilogue 245 References 245 7 Combustion 251 7.1 Introduction 251 7.2 General Aspects 255 7.3 Chemistry and Physics 258 7.4 Catalytic Combustion 279 7.5 Fuels 280 References 307 8 Combustion Systems 315 8.1 Introduction 315 8.2 Combustion Systems 319 8.3 Fuel Feeders 352 References 353 9 Gasification 355 9.1 Introduction 355 9.2 General Aspects 358 9.3 Chemistry and Physics 364 9.4 Catalytic Gasification 371 9.5 Plasma Gasification 373 9.6 Gasification Systems 374 9.7 Gaseous Products 383 9.8 Gasification of Coal with Biomass and Waste 390 9.9 Underground Gasification 397 References 401 10 Gasification Systems 407 10.1 Introduction 407 10.2 Fixed-Bed Processes 409 10.3 Fluidized-Bed Processes 416 10.4 Entrained-Bed Processes 429 10.5 Molten Salt Processes 434 10.6 Underground Gasification 437 References 442 11 Electric Power Generation 445 11.1 Introduction 445 11.2 Electricity From Coal 448 11.3 Steam Generation 452 11.4 Control of Emissions 461 References 474 12 Gas Cleaning 477 12.1 Introdution 477 12.2 Environmental Legislation 482 12.3 General Aspects 485 12.4 Air Pollution Control Devices 490 12.5 Particulate Matter Removal 493 12.6 Acid Gas Removal 505 12.7 Removal of Sulfur-Containing Gases 511 12.8 Removal of Nitrogen-Containing Gases 515 References 517 13 Environmental Aspects of Power Generation 521 13.1 Introduction 521 13.2 Coal Preparation 525 13.3 Transportation and Storage 529 13.4 Combustion 532 13.5 Gasification 540 13.6 Power Plant Waste 547 13.7 The Future 571 References 575 14 Clean Coal Technologies for Power Generation 579 14.1 Introduction 579 14.2 Historical Perspectives 588 14.3 Modern Perspectives 590 14.4 Clean Coal Technology 593 14.5 Managing Wastes from Coal Use 624 14.6 Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration 626 References 637 15 Coal and Energy Security 645 15.1 Introduction 645 15.2 Energy Security 649 15.3 National Energy Plan and Coal Utilization 656 15.4 Electric Power Generation 659 15.5 Hydrogen from Coal 661 15.6 Energy Security and Sustainable Development 664 References 673 Glossary 675 Common Conversion Factors Used in Coal Technology 723 Index 727