A Textbook of Neuroanatomy

This complete, yet concise text is designed to help students easily master the anatomy and basic physiology of the nervous system. Accessible and clear, the text highlights interrelationships between systems, structures and the rest of the body as it moves through various regions of the brain. The first nine chapters introduce the main principles and terms in neuroanatomy, and the remaining chapters then use this information to describe the anatomy and function of the various pathways and discrete systems. Navigates students through the general principles and integrative components of the Nervous System Highlights interrelationships between systems, structures, and the rest of the body Emphasizes clinical relevance through clinical cases, questions, and follow-up discussions in each chapter Indicates medical conditions relevant to each chapter in the Clinical Considerations Features an accompanying website, www.blackwellpublishing.com/patestas, which includes all the illustrations, along with animations of key processes; also available on CD-ROM. Please contact our Higher Education team at HigherEducation@wiley.com for more information.

Table of Contents:
Preface viii Part 1 General Principles of the Nervous System 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to the Nervous System 3 Cells of the nervous system 3 Central nervous system 5 Peripheral nervous system 7 Questions to ponder 9 Chapter 2 Development of the Nervous System 10 Clinical case 10 Early development 11 Neurulation 12 Early development of the spinal cord and brain 18 Development of the spinal cord 19 Development of the brain 21 Clinical considerations 26 Synonyms and eponyms 27 Follow-up to clinical case 27 Questions to ponder 27 Chapter 3 Histophysiology of the Nervous System 28 Clinical case 28 Neurons 29 Neuroglia 35 Generation and conduction of nerve impulses 38 Clinical considerations 42 Synonyms and eponyms 43 Follow-up to clinical case 43 Questions to ponder 43 Chapter 4 Neurotransmitter Substances 44 Clinical case 44 Classification of neurotransmitter substances 47 Clinical considerations 52 Follow-up to clinical case 53 Questions to ponder 53 Chapter 5 Spinal Cord 54 Clinical case 54 Morphology of the spinal cord 55 Internal morphology of the spinal cord 60 Vascular supply of the spinal cord 63 Clinical considerations 66 Synonyms and eponyms 67 Follow-up to clinical case 67 Questions to ponder 67 Chapter 6 Gross Anatomy of the Brain 68 Clinical case 68 Cerebrum 69 Diencephalon 77 Cerebellum 77 Brainstem 80 Clinical considerations 82 Synonyms and eponyms 82 Follow-up to clinical case 82 Questions to ponder 83 Chapter 7 Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid 84 Clinical case 84 Cranial meninges 85 Spinal meninges 92 Venous sinuses of the cranial dura mater 93 Cerebrospinal fluid 95 Ventricles of the brain 95 Clinical considerations 97 Synonyms and eponyms 97 Follow-up to clinical case 97 Questions to ponder 98 Chapter 8 Vascular Supply of the Central Nervous System 99 Clinical case 99 Vascular supply of the spinal cord 100 Arterial supply of the brain 101 Venous drainage of the brain 112 Clinical considerations 116 Synonyms and eponyms 117 Follow-up to clinical case 117 Questions to ponder 117 Chapter 9 Autonomic Nervous System 118 Clinical case 118 Sympathetic nervous system 119 Parasympathetic nervous system 126 Enteric nervous system 129 Neurotransmitters and receptors of the autonomic nervous system 130 Pelvic autonomic functions 131 Clinical considerations 132 Synonyms and eponyms 133 Follow-up to clinical case 133 Questions to ponder 133 Part 2 Integrative Components of the Nervous System 135 Chapter 10 Ascending Sensory Pathways 137 Clinical case 137 Sensory receptors 138 Anterolateral system 146 Tactile sensation and proprioception 154 Sensory pathways to the cerebellum 157 Clinical considerations 161 Modulation of nociception 166 Neuroplasticity 168 Synonyms and eponyms 169 Follow-up to clinical case 170 Questions to ponder 170 Chapter 11 Motor Cortex and Descending Motor Pathways 171 Clinical case 171 Cortical areas controlling motor activity 172 Descending motor pathways 174 Clinical considerations 187 Synonyms and eponyms 188 Follow-up to clinical case 189 Questions to ponder 189 Chapter 12 Basal Ganglia 190 Clinical case 190 Components of the basal ganglia 191 Nuclei associated with the basal ganglia 196 Input, intrinsic, and output nuclei of the basal ganglia 196 Connections of the basal ganglia 198 Circuits connecting the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebral cortex 205 Other circuits of the basal ganglia 207 Neurotransmitters of the basal ganglia 208 “Direct” and “indirect” loops (pathways) of the basal ganglia 209 Circuits that modulate activity of the basal ganglia 210 Clinical considerations 212 Synonyms and eponyms 217 Follow-up to clinical case 218 Questions to ponder 218 Chapter 13 Cerebellum 219 Clinical case 219 Morphology of the cerebellum 220 Cerebellar peduncles 227 Deep cerebellar nuclei 229 Afferents (input) to the cerebellum 231 Efferents (output) from the cerebellum 235 Functional organization of the cerebellum: intrinsic circuitry 236 Clinical considerations 238 Synonyms and eponyms 240 Follow-up to clinical case 240 Questions to ponder 240 Chapter 14 Reticular Formation 241 Clinical case 241 Morphology of the reticular formation 241 Zones of the reticular formation 242 Nuclei associated with the reticular formation 245 Input to and output from the reticular formation 245 Functions of the reticular formation 245 Clinical considerations 250 Synonyms and eponyms 251 Follow-up to clinical case 251 Questions to ponder 252 Chapter 15 Cranial Nerves 253 Clinical case 253 Olfactory nerve (CN I) 256 Optic nerve (CN II) 256 Oculomotor nerve (CN III) 258 Trochlear nerve (CN IV) 260 Trigeminal nerve (CN V) 261 Abducent nerve (CN VI) 266 Facial nerve (CN VII) 268 Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) 272 Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) 272 Vagus nerve (CN X) 274 Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) 277 Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) 277 Synonyms and eponyms 280 Follow-up to clinical case 280 Questions to ponder 281 Chapter 16 Visual System 282 Clinical case 282 Eye 282 Central visual pathways 287 Visual reflexes 291 Clinical considerations 298 Synonyms and eponyms 302 Follow-up to clinical case 302 Questions to ponder 303 Chapter 17 Auditory System 304 Clinical case 304 Ear 304 Auditory transmission 308 Central auditory pathways 309 Clinical considerations 315 Synonyms and eponyms 316 Follow-up to clinical case 316 Questions to ponder 317 Chapter 18 Vestibular System 318 Clinical case 318 Vestibular apparatus 319 Vestibular nerve (CN VIII) 325 Central pathways of the vestibular system 326 Control of ocular movements 329 Vestibular nystagmus 332 Caloric nystagmus 334 Synonyms and eponyms 334 Follow-up to clinical case 334 Questions to ponder 335 Chapter 19 Olfactory System 336 Clinical case 336 Olfactory receptor cells 336 Olfactory transduction 338 Olfactory nerve (CN I) 338 Central connections of the olfactory system 339 Clinical considerations 342 Synonyms and eponyms 342 Follow-up to clinical case 342 Questions to ponder 343 Chapter 20 Limbic System 344 Clinical case 344 Limbic lobe 345 Brainstem centers associated with limbic system function 355 Pathways of the limbic system 356 Clinical considerations 358 Synonyms and eponyms 359 Follow-up to clinical case 359 Questions to ponder 360 Chapter 21 Hypothalamus 361 Clinical case 361 Borders 362 Hypothalamic zones and component nuclei 362 Hypothalamic regions (areas) and component nuclei 368 Connections of the hypothalamus 370 Pathways of the hypothalamus 370 Functions of the hypothalamus 374 Hypothalamohypophyseal connections 376 Clinical considerations 382 Synonyms and eponyms 383 Follow-up to clinical case 383 Questions to ponder 384 Chapter 22 Thalamus 385 Clinical case 385 Borders 385 Anatomy 385 Internal and external medullary laminae 388 Thalamic nuclei 389 Clinical considerations 395 Synonyms and eponyms 396 Follow-up to clinical case 396 Questions to ponder 397 Chapter 23 Cerebral Cortex 398 Clinical case 398 Cells of the cerebral cortex 400 Types of cortex 402 Cell layers of the neocortex 402 Vertical columnar organization of the cerebral cortex 404 Afferents (input) to the cerebral cortex 404 Efferents (output) from the cerebral cortex 404 Internal capsule and corona radiata 406 Lobes of the cerebral cortex 408 Functional areas of the cerebral cortex 408 Cerebral dominance 417 Clinical considerations 417 Synonyms and eponyms 421 Follow-up to clinical case 422 Questions to ponder 423 Questions to ponder: answers to odd questions 425 Index 435

About the Author :
Maria A. Patestas is Associate Professor of Anatomy at Des Moines University. She has taught gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, embryology, and histology in various programs, and served as the chief coordinator of the physical therapy program neuroanatomy course from 1995 to 2001. In 2000, Dr Patestas received the Outstanding Teacher Award from the Physical Therapy Program Class. Leslie P. Gartner is Professor of Anatomy in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the Dental School of the University of Maryland. He has received numerous teaching awards and is the author of Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology, 3rd Edition (1999), Oral Histology and Embryology, 2nd Edition (1999) as well as the coauthor of the well-respected Textbook of Head and Neck Anatomy, 3rd Edition, with James L. Hiatt (2001), and coauthor of the Color Textbook of Histology, 2nd Edition (2001) and the Color Atlas of Histology, 4th Edition (2005) also with James L. Hiatt. The atlas, which is used by almost half the US medical schools, has been translated into eight languages. He also coauthored Cell Biology and Histology, 4th Edition (2003) with James L. Hiatt and Judy M. Strum and is the Histology consultant to Stedman’s Medical Dictionary, 28th Edition (2006).