Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Approaches and Techniques

Plastic and reconstructive surgery continues to evolve as new techniques open up new possibilities for the surgeon. In this groundbreaking textbook, contemporary approaches are explained and demonstrated to allow trainee and experienced surgeons alike to understand and assimilate best practice.

Containing over 300 outstanding color figures demonstrating surgical practice, an international cast of leading surgeons show the paths to effective plastic surgery technique and outcomes. They cover all the major bases including:

• Integument
• Pediatric Plastic Surgery
• Head and Neck Reconstruction
• The Breast
• Trunk, Lower Limb and Sarcomas
• Upper Limb and Hand Surgery
• Aesthetic Surgery

Comprehensive in scope, practical in nature, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is your one-stop guide to successful surgical management of your patients.

"This textbook is aimed at the trainee and young plastic surgeon, but it is extremely comprehensive and sufficiently detailed for any practitioner. The information is succinct, yet complete and up to date. . . . For a single-volume book, the detailed knowledge presented is impressive. . . . I think this is a great book. It is packed with good and up-to-date information, and I think it will be an invaluable resource for trainees but also for all plastic surgeons. The editors are to be congratulated on achieving a very difficult task with such success."
—from a review by Peter C. Neligan, MB, in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

"This is exactly what the editors of Plastic and reconstructive surgery: Approaches and Techniques set out to achieve in producing this excellent textbook. . . . It is truly an international effort at all levels, as the editors, from Australia (Ross D. Farhadieh), the UK (Neil W. Bulstrode) and Canada (Sabrina Cugno), have joined forces to recruit over 130 international contributors and produce a resource of over 1100 pages that provides a well-organized and thorough, yet succinct, text of the essentials of current plastic surgery. . . .Many of the contributors are world-renowned experts; however, there is also a new generation of young rising stars whose contributions are equally good, providing a new, fresh and contemporary feel."
—from the Foreword by Julian J. Pribaz, Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School

"The authors here have concentrated all this useful information into their chapters in a quite outstanding manner. Any plastic surgeon of whatever maturity will find this an excellent purchase which he/she will have no reason to regret."
—from a review by Douglas H. Harrison in Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery

Contributors viii

Foreword xv

Dedication xvi

Preface xvii

About the Companion Website xviii

Part I: Basic Science and Principles

1 Wound healing and scar formation 3
Simon R. Myers and Ali M. Ghanem

2 Basic skin flaps and blood supply 12
Edwin J. Morrison and Wayne A.J. Morrison

3 Biomaterials and structural fat grafting 22
Naghmeh Naderi, Behzad Ardehali and Afshin Mosahebi

4 Local anaesthetics 34
Yasamin Ziabari

5 Lasers 44
Se-Hwang Liew

6 Tissue expansion 51
Dariush Nikkhah Lara Yildirimer and Neil W. Bulstrode

7 Tissue engineering 62
Lara Yildirimer and Alexander Seifalian

Part II: Integument

8 Skin structure 79
Anthony Barker

9 Melanoma 88
Carlo Riccardo Rossi and Antonio Sommariva

10 Non‐melanoma skin cancers 100
Michael Findlay and Mina S. Ally

11 Atypical skin lesions 115
Michael Findlay and Michael A. Henderson

12 Allotransplantation 130
Maria Siemionow and Fatih Zor

13 Radiation therapy and soft tissue response 144
Gurdip Kaur Azad and Carie Corner

14 Burns: acute care and reconstruction 153
Peter Dziewulski

Part III: Paediatric Plastic Surgery and Congenital Disorders

15 Congenital melanocytic naevi 183
Sabrina Cugno, Veronica Kinsler and Neil W. Bulstrode

16 Vascular anomalies 192
Sabrina Cugno, Alex Barnacle, John Harper and Neil W. Bulstrode

17 Cleft lip 204
Marc C. Swan and David M. Fisher

18 Cleft palate and velopharyngeal dysfunction 219
Sabrina Cugno and Brian C. Sommerlad

19 Congenital ear anomalies 238
Sabrina Cugno and Neil W. Bulstrode

20 Craniofacial clefts 255
Irene M.J. Mathijssen and Sarah L. Versnel

21 Craniosynostosis 264
Aina V.H. Greig and David J. Dunaway

22 Orthognathic surgery 279
Tim Lloyd, Ravinder Pabla, Sujata Sharma and Nigel Hunt

23 Facial reanimation 295
Jonathan I. Leckenby and Adriaan O. Grobbelaar

Part IV: Head and Neck Reconstruction

24 Head and neck malignancy: staging and neck dissections 309
Andrew N. Morritt, Marlene S. See and Navid Jallali

25 Oral tongue reconstruction 318
Stuart Archibald, Michael Gupta and Achilleas Thoma

26 Mandibular reconstruction 330
Christopher Glenn Wallace, Chung‐Kan Tsao and Fu‐Chan Wei

27 Maxillary reconstruction 338
Achilleas Thoma, Michael Gupta and Stuart Archibald

28 Pharyngeal reconstruction 349
Ross D. Farhadieh and Wayne A.J. Morrison

29 Skull base reconstruction 362
Ross D. Farhadieh and Wayne A.J. Morrison

30 Cheek reconstruction 366
Adam C. Gascoigne and Ross D. Farhadieh

31 Lip reconstruction 377
Marlene S. See, Andrew N. Morritt and Navid Jallali

32 Nasal reconstruction 390
Jean‐Brice Duron and Marc Revol

33 Eyelid reconstruction 407
Konal Saha and Naresh Joshi

34 Ear reconstruction 416
Françoise Firmin and Neil W. Bulstrode

35 Scalp and calvarial reconstruction 427
Christopher Glenn Wallace and Fu‐Chan Wei

36 Facial trauma 437
David David

Part V: Breast

37 Anatomy and physiology of the breast 479
Giovanni Bistoni and Jian Farhadi

38 Breast augmentation 486
Ross D. Farhadieh and Jian Farhadi

39 Breast reconstruction 499
Phillip Blondeel, Maria Athanasiadou and Andreas Tromaropoulos

40 Gynaecomastia and tuberous breast 519
Afshin Mosahebi and Amir Sadri

41 Mastopexy and breast reduction 530
Elizabeth J. Hall‐Findlay

Part VI: Trunk and Lower Limb

42 Chest wall reconstruction 551
Mazyar Kanani and Martin J. Elliott Simon Withey and Robert Pearl

43 Abdominal wall reconstruction 564
William A. Townley and Stefan O.P. Hofer

44 Genitourinary and perineal reconstruction 575
Niri S. Niranjan Paige Fox, Paul Mittermiller and Gordon K. Lee Kathryn Evans and Imran Mushtaq

45 Pressure sores 597
Adam C. Gascoigne and Stephen Flood

46 Lower limb reconstruction 607
James K. Chan, Matthew D. Gardiner, Michael Pearse and Jagdeep Nanchahal

47 Lymphoedema 628
Kelvin Ramsey and Peter Mortimer

Part VII: Upper Limb

48 Hand examination and investigations 645
J. Henk Coert Peter Hoogvliet and Willem D. Rinkel

49 Congenital hand differences 660
Bran Sivakumar, Jonathan Adamthwaite and Paul Smith

50 Finger tip injuries 688
Donald Sammut and Robert Pearl

51 Flexor tendon injuries 707
Sarah Tucker and Georgina Williams

52 Extensor tendon injuries 722
Gregory McCarten

53 Tendon transfers 733
Adam C. Gascoigne and Stephen Flood

54 Amputations, replantation and thumb reconstruction 752
Gráinne Bourke

55 Compartment syndrome in the extremities 769
Steven E.R. Hovius and Tim H.J. Nijhuis

56 Nerve injury repair and reconstruction 777
Renata V. Weber, Andrew Yee, Michael M. Bottros and Susan E. Mackinnon

57 Brachial plexus injuries and reanimation 797
Kirsty U. Boyd, Kristen M. Davidge and Susan E. Mackinnon

58 Nerve compressions 813
Kristen M. Davidge and Susan E. Mackinnon

59 Dupuytren disease 838
Paul M.N. Werker

60 Fractures and dislocations in the hand 850
Barbara Jemec and Nicola Burr

61 Osteoarthritis and prosthetic joints in the hand 861
Adam C. Watts and Ian A. Trail

62 Wrist pathology 878
Owen L. Ala, T. Shane Johnson and L. Scott Levin

63 Rheumatoid arthritis of the hand and wrist 890
Rebecca Ayers and Mark Pickford

64 Lesions of the hand 904
Richard D. Lawson, David A. Stewart and Michael A. Tonkin

Part VIII: Aesthetic Surgery

65 Facial anatomy and ageing 923
Chin‐Ho Wong and Bryan C. Mendelson

66 Non‐operative facial rejuvenation 940
Jean Carruthers and Alastair Carruthers

67 Forehead lift 948
Timothy J. Marten and Dino Elyassnia

68 Upper eyelid rejuvenation 967
Adil Ceydeli, Tong C. Duong and Robert S. Flowers

69 Lower eyelid–cheek junction rejuvenation 976
Sam T. Hamra

70 Facelift 992
Bryan C. Mendelson and Ross D. Farhadieh

71 Neck lift 1004
Timothy J. Marten and Dino Elyassnia

72 Rhinoplasty 1032
David Stepnick, Catherine Weng and Bahman Guyuron

73 Genioplasty 1047
Nicholas Lee, Deepak Komath and Tim Lloyd

74 Blepharoptosis 1063
Alan A. McNab

75 Liposuction and liposculpture 1075
Darryl J. Hodgkinson

76 Abdominoplasty and body contouring 1083
Alexander Stoff and Dirk F. Richter

Part IX: Military Simulation Training and Exams

77 Simulation learning in plastic surgery 1107
Ali M. Ghanem and Simon R. Myers

78 Military plastic surgery 1121
Robert M.T. Staruch and Shehan Hettiaratchy

79 Plastic surgery fellowship and board exams 1129
Robert Pearl, Youssef Tahiri, Sabrina Cugno and Ross D. Farhadieh

Index 1135

Chief Editor
Ross D. Farhadieh, BSc(Med)Hons,MB BS, MD, EBOPRASF, FRACS(Plast), FRCS(Plast), Panthea Plastic Surgery Clinics, Sydney & Canberra, Australia; Australian National University, Medical School, Canberra, Australia

Editors 
Neil W. Bulstrode BSc(Med)Hons, MB BS, MD, FRCS(Plast), Clinical lead Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK

Sabrina Cugno MD, MSc, FRCSC, Assistant Professor, McGill University, Department of Plastic Surgery, Montreal's Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada

“This textbook is aimed at the trainee and young plastic surgeon, but it is extremely comprehensive and sufficiently detailed for any practitioner. The information is succinct, yet complete and up to date. . . . For a single-volume book, the detailed knowledge presented is impressive. . . . I think this is a great book. It is packed with good and up-to-date information, and I think it will be an invaluable resource for trainees but also for all plastic surgeons. The editors are to be congratulated on achieving a very difficult task with such success.”
- From a review by Peter C. Neligan, MB, in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Approaches and Techniques is a wonderful resource for trainees and junior faculty who need a thorough but clear review of the wide spectrum of issues encountered in plastic surgery. The chapters provide a concise review of the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, and available surgical options for each topic.”- from a review by Kevin E. Brandt, MD, FACS, William G. Hamm Professor of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Executive Director-Elect of the American Board of Plastic Surgery, for Aesthetic Surgery Journal

"The authors here have concentrated all this useful information into their chapters in a quite outstanding manner. Any plastic surgeon of whatever maturity will find this an excellent purchase which he/she will have no reason to regret."- from a review by Douglas H. Harrison in Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery