Guidelines for Laboratory Design: Health, Safety, and Environmental Considerations

Table of Contents:
Foreword xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix About the Authors xxi Abbreviations xxiii Units xxv Organizations Referenced xxvii Introduction xxix How to Use This Book xxx Book Organization xxxi Computational Fluid Dynamics xxxiii Part IA Common Elements of Laboratory Design 1 1 Building Considerations 3 1.1 Guiding Concepts 3 1.2 Building Layout 3 1.3 Guiding Principles for Building Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Systems 44 1.4 Guiding Concepts for Laboratory Building Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 51 1.5 Miscellaneous Services 56 2 Laboratory Considerations 65 Part IB Common Elements of Renovations 109 3 Renovations: Building Considerations 123 3.1 Guiding Concepts 123 3.2 Building Layout 125 3.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Systems 129 3.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 133 3.5 Miscellaneous Services 134 4 Renovations: Laboratory Considerations 136 4.1 Guiding Concepts 136 4.2 Laboratory Layout 137 4.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Systems 138 4.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 138 Part II Design Guidelines for a Number of Commonly Used Laboratories 141 5 General or Analytical Chemistry Laboratory 143 5.1 Description 143 5.2 Laboratory Layout 144 5.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 146 5.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 149 5.5 Special Requirements 149 6 High-Toxicity Laboratory 150 6.1 Description 150 6.2 Laboratory Layout 151 6.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 153 6.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 154 6.5 Special Requirements 155 7 Nanotechnology Laboratories 156 7.1 Description 156 7.2 Laboratory Layout 156 7.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 157 7.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 158 8 Engineering Laboratories 160 8.1 Description 160 8.2 Engineering Disciplines and Some of Their Most Common Laboratory Types 160 8.3 Wind Tunnel Laboratory 161 8.4 Jet and Rocket Propulsion Laboratory 162 8.5 Hydraulics Laboratory 164 8.6 Material Analysis and Testing Laboratory 165 8.7 Electrical Circuits Motors and Generators Laboratory 165 8.8 Foundry Laboratory 167 8.9 Internal Combustion and Gas Turbine Engine Laboratory 169 9 Pilot Plant: Chemical Engineering and Biological 173 9.1 Description 173 9.2 Pilot Plant Layout 174 9.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 174 9.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 175 9.5 Special Requirements 175 10 Physics Laboratory 177 10.1 Description 177 10.2 Laboratory Layout 178 10.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 179 10.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 179 10.5 Special Requirements 181 11 Controlled Environment Room: Hot or Cold 182 11.1 Description 182 11.2 Laboratory Layout 183 11.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 183 11.4 Loss Prevention 185 11.5 Special Requirements 185 12 High-Pressure Laboratory 187 12.1 Description 187 12.2 Laboratory Layout 188 12.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 188 12.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 189 12.5 Special Requirements 189 13 Radiation Laboratory 190 13.1 Description 190 13.2 Laboratory Layout 191 13.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 194 13.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 195 13.5 Special Considerations 195 14 Biosafety Laboratory 196 14.1 Description 196 14.2 Laboratory Layout 202 14.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 212 14.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 213 14.5 Special Requirements 213 15 Clinical Laboratories 216 15.1 Description 216 15.2 Laboratory Layout 218 15.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 222 15.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 223 16 Teaching Laboratory 227 16.1 Description 227 16.2 Laboratory Layout 228 16.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 234 16.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 235 17 Gross Anatomy Laboratory 238 17.1 Description 238 17.2 Laboratory Layout 239 17.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 243 17.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 244 17.5 Security 245 18 Pathology Laboratory 246 18.1 Description 246 18.2 Laboratory Layout 249 18.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 251 18.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 251 18.5 Special Requirements 252 19 Autopsy Laboratory 253 19.1 Description 253 19.2 Laboratory Layout 255 19.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 260 19.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 261 20 Morgue Facility 262 20.1 Description 262 20.2 Laboratory Layout 265 20.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 269 20.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 269 21 Open or Team Research Laboratory 271 21.1 Description 271 21.2 Laboratory Layout 272 21.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 275 21.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 275 21.5 Special Considerations 276 22 Animal Research Laboratory 277 22.1 Description 277 22.2 Laboratory Layout 279 22.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 292 22.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 296 22.5 Special Requirements 297 23 Microelectronics and Cleanroom Laboratories 299 23.1 Description 299 23.2 Laboratory Layout 303 23.3 Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning 307 23.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personnel Safety 310 23.5 Special Requirements 312 23.6 Renovations 314 24 Printmaking Studio 315 24.1 Description 315 24.2 Print Studio Layout 317 24.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 318 24.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 321 Part III Laboratory Support Services 325 25 Imaging and Photographic Facilities 327 25.1 Introduction 327 25.2 Photographic And Imaging Facility Layouts 331 25.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 334 25.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 336 25.5 Special Requirements 337 26 Support Shops 339 26.1 Description 339 26.2 Layout 340 26.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 344 26.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 346 26.5 Special Requirements 346 27 Hazardous Chemical Radioactive and Biological Waste-Handling Rooms 348 27.1 Guiding Concepts 348 27.2 Layout 351 27.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 356 27.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 358 27.5 Special Requirements 358 28 Laboratory Storerooms 360 28.1 Description 360 28.2 Layout 363 28.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 366 28.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 367 28.5 Special Requirements 368 Part IV Hvac Systems 369 29 HVAC Systems 371 29.1 Description 371 29.2 Air-Conditioning Systems 371 29.3 HVAC System Design and Description 376 29.4 System Descriptions and Strategies 377 29.5 Humidification and Dehumidification 386 29.6 Space Pressure Control 389 29.7 Automatic Control System 391 30 Fans 392 30.1 Fan Terminology 392 30.2 Exhaust Fan Specifications 393 30.3 Atmospheric Dispersion 394 30.4 Fan Laws 394 30.5 Fan Selection 395 30.6 Fan Performance 396 31 Air Cleaning 397 31.1 Introduction 397 31.2 Air-Cleaning Equipment for Laboratories 398 32 Laboratory Hoods and Other Exhaust Air Contaminant-Capture Facilities and Equipment 404 32.1 Introduction 404 32.2 Conventional Bypass Chemical Fume Hoods 405 32.3 Auxiliary Air Chemical Fume Hoods 409 32.4 Perchloric Acid Fume Hoods 411 32.5 Hoods for Work With Radioactive Materials 411 32.6 Variable Air-Volume Hoods 411 32.7 High-Performance Hoods 412 32.8 Gloveboxes 412 32.9 Biological Safety Cabinets 413 32.10 Capture (Exterior) Hoods 416 32.11 Ductless Hoods 416 32.12 Performance Tests 420 33 Exhaust Air Ducts and Accessories 422 33.1 Introduction 422 33.2 Exhust Duct Considerations 423 33.3 Exhust System Classification 424 33.4 Duct Accessories 424 34 Variable-Air-Volume Systems 426 34.1 Introduction 426 34.2 VAV Hoods 427 34.3 Good Design Practices for Vav Systems 428 34.4 Variable-Volume Exhaust System Operational Concept 428 34.5 VAV System Controls and Components 429 34.6 VAV System Fan Controls and Components 431 34.7 VAV System Duct Configurations 434 35 Energy Conservation 436 35.1 Introduction 436 35.2 Recent Trends 437 35.3 Exhaust Ventilation for Contamination Control 440 35.4 Lighting 448 35.5 Thermal Insulation 448 35.6 Humidity Control 448 35.7 Evaporative Cooling 449 35.8 Water Conservation 449 35.9 Efficient Operating Strategies 449 Part V Administrative Procedures 451 36 Project Execution and Bidding Procedures 453 36.1 Guiding Concepts 453 36.2 Implementation 454 36.3 Bid Form 456 36.4 Contract 457 36.5 Change Orders 457 36.6 Construction Inspections 458 36.7 Punch List 458 36.8 Additional Testing and Acceptance 458 36.9 Beneficial Occupancy 459 36.10 Final Acceptance and Commissioning 459 37 Commissioning and Final Acceptance Criteria 460 37.1 Guiding Concepts 460 37.2 Design Construction and Preoccupancy Checklists 460 37.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 462 37.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 466 37.5 Project Commissioning 467 38 Sustainable Laboratory Design 471 38.1 Introduction 471 38.2 Laboratory Construction Materials 472 38.3 Heating Ventilating and Air-Coniditioning 474 38.4 Loss Prevention Industrial Hygiene and Personal Safety 477 38.5 Miscellaneous Services 477 38.6 Lighting 478 38.7 Submetering 479 38.8 Additional Background Material 479 Part VI Appendixes 481 Appendix A Emergency Showers 483 Appendix B Emergency Eyewash Units 485 Appendix c Signs 486 Appendix D Stack Design 489 Appendix E Matrix of Building Consideration for Specific Laboratory Types 495 References 500 Index 509

About the Author :
LOUIS J. DiBERARDINIS, BS, MS, CIH, CSP, is the Director of Environment, Health, and Safety at MIT. He is a visiting lecturer at Harvard University School of Public Health and Adjunct Professor at the University of Massachusetts Lowell in the Department of the Work Environment. He received his BS in chemical engineering from Northeastern University and an MS in industrial hygiene from Harvard University. JANET S. BAUM, BS, MArch, AiA, currently teaches part-time at Harvard University School of Public Health and at both the Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Design and the Institute of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis. She earned her BS in architectural sciences at Washington University in St. Louis and her master of architecture at Harvard University Graduate School of Design. The late MELVIN W. FIRST, ScD, CIH, PE, was a researcher and professor of environmental health Engineering at the Harvard School of Public Health for almost sixty years and was actively involved in research until a week before his death. GARI T. GATWOOD, BSME, CSP (retired), is a consultant in safety engineering. He has forty years of safety experience in missile defense, commercial chemicals, laboratories, and university programs. He holds a degree in mechanical engineering from the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy in Rolla, Missouri. Anand K. Seth, BS, MS, PE, CEM, CPE, is currently an Engineering Principal in Cannon Design, an international architectural/engineering firm. Seth worked at Massachusetts General Hospital as director of engineering and at Harvard University. He holds a master of science in mechanical engineering from the University of Maine and has done postgraduate work at other universities.

Review :
“In summary, this edition of the book addresses a broad spectrum of end users including administrators, researchers, instructors, engineers, and environment health officers. The book is a useful comprehensive reference for academic institutions, but perhaps not for individual instructors.”  (Journal of Chemical Education, 1 January 2014)