Innovation Engineering: The Power of Intangible Networks

This title explores the issue of innovation engineering, a feature that is essential to the continuation of growth and development in the commercial world. Discussion is divided into three parts: Part I covers the historical basis of innovation, noting that diversity rests upon a duality between concepts in theory and applications put into practice, as well as discussing how innovation has resulted from the interaction of numerous factors, be they societal, human, managerial, organization or technological. Part II focuses on practical applications – the technologies, tools and methods employed in putting theoretical innovation into practice – while Part III looks at what factors underpin success, discussing the social and psychological aspects involved in successful innovation engineering. Consideration is also given to recent developments and systems which will assist in ensuring the continuation of this process in the future.

Table of Contents:
PART 1. The Global Innovation World: Which Visions Ahead? 1 Chapter 1. Inventing the Future 3 Fabienne GOUX-BAUDIMENT and Christopher B. JONES 1.1. Innovation 4 1.1.1. How should innovation be designed? 4 1.1.2. Profile of the innovator 6 1.2. Futures thinking 8 1.2.1. Futures thinking: a tool to build the future 8 1.2.2. Profile of the futurist 10 1.3. Change and network 12 1.3.1. When innovation feeds futures thinking: the study of change 12 1.3.2. When futures thinking helps innovation: opening the road to change 17 Chapter 2. Innovation Management: How to Change the Future 25 André-Yves PORTNOFF 2.1. The innovation, beyond technique 25 2.1.1. The fiction of the linear model 25 2.1.2. Technically and societally viable 26 2.1.3. Technical and societal futuribles 27 2.2. Innovations in an era of digital networks 28 2.2.1. More and more power 28 2.2.2. Cost of organizational transaction and innovation 29 2.3. Shortsightedness against innovation 30 2.3.1. Credibility of the message and the messenger? 30 2.3.2. Outdated evidences 30 2.3.3. A too narrow vision 31 2.3.4. False proofs 31 2.3.5. Significances ignored 32 2.3.6. Under-estimation of evolution potential 33 2.3.7. Dare to imagine breaks 33 2.3.8. Blinding arrogance 34 2.3.9. “The situation is under control” 35 2.4. Innovation as a process of creation of values 36 2.4.1. Sell the training with the product 36 2.4.2. Network, creator of value 37 2.5. Conclusion 38 Chapter 3. From Knowledge to Business: Virtual Encounters Propagate Innovation 41 Patrick CORSI and Barnabas TAKÁCS 3.1. Where information society mixes up our linear and local schemes 42 3.2. Knowledge on the move through networks: examples of innovation processes 44 3.3. Three laws underpinning technological evolution 46 3.4. How do virtual encounters ride the technology lifecycle curve? 47 3.5. The virtual human interface (VHI) brings a new meaning to communication 49 3.6. The emotional modulation opens up new business spaces 52 3.7. The requirements for a VHI 52 3.8. Bridging the digital divide: should not we replace the ill-fated WIMP interface? 54 Chapter 4. Value Management’s Creative-Destruction via Digitalized Innovation: The Winning Plan 57 Jean MICHEL and Roy WOODHEAD 4.1. Introduction 57 4.2. The straightjacket of selling training and certification agenda 58 4.3. What exactly does innovation mean? 59 4.4. Value management: a long history 61 4.5. Definitions and rigidity 67 4.6. Potential of valorique in relation to the innovation 70 4.6.1. Problem scanning and framing: “inquiry and questioning” 70 4.6.2. A “systemic” step with mobilization-confrontation from multiple points of view 71 4.6.3. A reference frame that defines “functional need” based on function analysis 72 4.6.4. Cost intelligence and focusing on the economy of the means 73 4.6.5. The mobilization of information, knowledge and competences 74 4.6.6. Project management and the rigor of VA 75 4.6.7. The explicit or implicit recourse to the practices and techniques that enable creativity 75 4.7. Digital technology, networking, and an ability to innovate differently 76 4.7.1. The “valorique” culture 77 4.7.2. The digital revolution 78 4.7.3. Two innovating processes of different natures 79 4.7.4. The digital arrival of “valorique” 80 4.8. VM and digital networks. 81 Chapter 5. Research, Innovation and Technological Development 85 Mélissa SAADOUN and Lin YANNING 5.1. Introduction 85 5.1.1. Innovation is about taking risks and managing change 85 5.1.2. The importance of innovation in the economy 86 5.2. Science, technology and innovation: building regional capacities 86 5.2.1. Promoting business opportunities in science and technology 87 5.2.2. Promoting infrastructure development as a technology learning process 87 5.2.3. Expanding access to science and technology education and research 88 5.2.4. Improving science and technology advice 88 5.3. Technology and global science for a better development 88 5.3.1. Structural funds to support research and innovation 90 5.3.2. Technology in today’s global setting 90 5.3.3. Technological capabilities 91 5.3.4. Infrastructure and technological innovation 94 5.3.5. Research facilities as infrastructure 95 5.3.6. Mobilizing the engineering profession 95 5.4. Innovation and economic advance 96 5.4.1. Platform technologies with wide applicability 97 5.4.2. Information and communication technology 97 5.4.3. The network revolution 98 5.5. Investing in science, technology and education 99 5.5.1. New roles for universities 99 5.5.2. The role of ICT in education 101 5.5.3. The role of universities in innovation 102 5.6. Conclusion 103 Chapter 6. Sustainable Innovation through Community Based Collaborative Environments 105 Marc PALLOT and Kul PAWAR 6.1. Introduction 105 6.2. Components of collaboration 106 6.2.1. Different forms of collaboration 106 6.2.2. Different methods of work 108 6.2.3. Mobility 109 6.2.4. Teleworking (distance or remote working) 110 6.3. A systematic approach to collaboration 111 6.4. The collaborative enterprise 112 6.5. The network of innovative companies 113 6.5.1. Mixed marketing 113 6.5.2. Strategic coordination of partner networks 114 6.5.3. Financing innovation within a network 114 6.5.4. Company networks as incubators of innovation 114 6.5.5. The infrastructure of collaboration 114 6.6. Concurrent engineering 115 6.7. Adaptation of the collaboration process 117 6.8. Management of a collaborative project 118 6.9. Conclusions 121 Chapter 7. New Spaces for Innovation, New Challenges 123 Hiroshi MIZUTA, Victor SANDOVAL and Henri SAMIER 7.1. Introduction 123 7.2. Internet waves 124 7.2.1. P2P technology 127 7.2.2. Grid computing technology 128 7.2.3. Grid computing in Japan 131 7.3. Strategies of innovation 133 7.4. Hyperspace: new dimension of innovation 135 7.4.1. Hyperspace laws 136 7.4.2. Hypertime or space time 138 7.4.3. Distance and hyperdistance 140 7.5. Cyberenergy and cyberentropy 141 7.6. Conclusions143 PART 2. Tooling Innovation: Which Methods to Play and How? 145 Chapter 8. Knowledge Management for Innovation 147 Marc de FOUCHÉCOUR 8.1. Introduction 147 8.1.1. Studies 147 8.1.2. Objectives and plan 149 8.2. Innovation and knowledge 150 8.2.1. Some dualities 151 8.2.2. Innovation and knowledge 152 8.3. Reports 153 8.3.1. The reversal of the pyramid 153 8.3.2. Complex – collective 153 8.3.3. The paradox of time: compression and space 154 8.3.4. Stakeholder-oriented management 154 8.3.5. Matrix organization 154 8.3.6. Methods, tools and incantations 154 8.4. Knowledge: some “organizers” 155 8.4.1. The DIK model (Data-Information-Knowledge): knowledge as an object 156 8.4.2. The creative spiral and the Ba 158 8.4.3. Knowledge as a process 160 8.4.4. Cycles of innovation and of knowledge 161 8.5. Cultures, methods and tools 166 8.5.1. Where do we start? 166 8.5.2. Methods and tools for collective knowledge 167 8.5.3. Induced effects and combinations 171 8.6. Key factors 172 8.6.1. To share or not to share? 172 8.6.2. Learning or teaching 173 8.6.3. Stress and confidence 173 8.7. Conclusions and openings 173 Chapter 9. Integration of Stylistics and Uses: Trends in the Innovation Process 175 Carole BOUCHARD, Hervé CHRISTOFOL and Dokshin LIM 9.1. Theories and concepts of stylistic innovation. 176 9.1.1. The universe of exchanges and influences 176 9.1.2. Trends in design 176 9.1.3. The stylistic attributes 177 9.1.4. Usage attributes 178 9.1.5. Stylistic tendencies and use179 9.1.6. Reasoning in the design professions and analogy in particular 179 9.1.7. Human values and product value 181 9.2. Methods and tools of stylistic innovation 182 9.2.1. The universe of exchange to the universe of influences 182 9.2.2. The analysis of iconic contents 183 9.2.3. Modeling of the analysis process of the tendencies of a universe of exchange 185 9.2.4. The harmonies of attributes 187 9.2.5. The chain of value/function/attribute 188 9.3. The step of stylistic monitoring and its application in designing the automobile trends panel 190 9.3.1. The construction of specifications and requirements 190 9.3.2. The determination of the influential universes 191 9.3.3 the analysis of the tendencies and their descriptions 193 9.3.4. The integration of tendencies in design of product 193 9.4. Conclusion 195 Chapter 10. Virtual Reality Technologies for Innovation 197 Simon RICHIR, Patrick CORSI and Albert “Skip” RIZZO 10.1. Introduction 197 10.2. The digital chain of conceptualization in the enterprise 198 10.3. Work on virtual project platforms 200 10.4. Virtualization of professions 202 10.5. What Virtual environments really mean 206 10.5.1. Today’s challenges 206 10.5.2. Perspectives 208 10.6. The challenge ahead 211 Chapter 11. TRIZ: A New Way of Innovation 213 Darrell MANN and Pascal CRUBLEAU 11.1. Introduction 213 11.1.1. Product designing methods 213 11.1.2. An important stage 214 11.2. A deterministic vision of future technologies 215 11.2.1. General introduction 215 11.2.2. Introductory ideas 217 11.2.3. Postulates of TRIZ 218 11.3. Conclusion 221 Chapter 12. C4 Innovation Method: A Method for Designing Innovations 223 Olaf MAXANT, Gérald PIAT and Benoît ROUSSEL 12.1. Introduction 223 12.2. The approach of innovation in the commercial domain of EDF R&D 225 12.3. The C4 method 227 12.3.1. Overview of the method 227 12.3.2. Phase 1: comprehension of demand 227 12.3.3. Phase 2: creation 228 12.3.4. Phase 3: contextualization 229 12.3.5. Phase 4: confrontation 231 12.3.6. Modeling of the process 231 12.4. Diverse experimentations of the process 232 12.4.1. The “New Offers” project: contribution of the dynamic concept in comparison to the static concept 232 12.4.2. Collaboration with the Studio Créatif of France Télécom: towards an evaluation of service 234 12.5. Some new tools to facilitate the collaboration and the contextualization; towards an instrumentation of the process: “IdéoFil” and “StoryoFil” 235 12.5.1. IdéoFil 236 12.5.2. StoryoFil 238 12.6. Conclusions 238 Chapter 13. Creativity World 239 Michel SINTES 13.1. Introduction 239 13.2. Reflections on creativity 239 13.3. A human concept 240 13.3.1. Idea/intention 241 13.3.2. Thought/objective 242 13.3.3. The emotional aspect 242 13.3.4. Behavior 243 13.3.5. Result 244 13.3.6. Mini-cycle of creativity 245 13.3.7. The scale of values 246 13.4. The state to being one with the environment 248 13.5. The age of networks 250 PART 3. Innovation Management: Which Factors Underpin Success? 251 Chapter 14. Psychology of Innovation and Change Factors 253 Laurent DUKAN 14.1. Introduction 253 14.2. Innovation and research 255 14.3. Change in mentality 255 14.4. The principal cultural indicators for innovation 256 14.4.1. Fear and taking risks 256 14.4.2. Conformity and originality 257 14.4.3. The unknown and the future 257 14.4.4. Complexity 259 14.4.5. Mechanistic, systemic and complex thought 260 14.4.6. Communication and recognition 262 14.4.7. Failure and success 264 14.5. Conclusion 265 Chapter 15. Intellectual Property for Networks and Software 267 Sylvain ALLANO 15.1. Introduction 267 15.2. State of the problems and the protagonists 268 15.3. The main “nodes” in intellectual property amidst the networks operated in the context of innovation 268 15.4. Intellectual property rights applicable to the context of networks 270 15.5. Copyright “software” against networks 270 15.5.1. The main statutory copyright “software” 270 15.5.2. Intellectual property of the software circulating in the network 271 15.5.3. Intellectual property for software involving networks 272 15.5.4. Software copyright limitations 272 15.5.5. Software copyright 273 15.6. Free software 273 15.7. Protection through patents for communication software and networks 274 15.8. Actors in the networks and intellectual property 275 15.8.1. Intellectual property of databases 275 15.8.2. Expert systems and tools of artificial intelligence 276 15.8.3. Computer generated creations 276 15.9. Digital Rights Management (DRM) 276 15.10. When the networks themselves become tools for intellectual property 277 15.11. Enforcing intellectual property rights on the network scale 277 15.12. Conclusion: intellectual property and the networks: an advantage for innovation 278 Chapter 16. Innovation Scoreboard for Core Competencies Evaluation 279 Nathalie SAMIER 16.1. Introduction 279 16.2. Locations of the immaterial capital 280 16.2.1. Contribution of the theories of resources 280 16.2.2. The immaterial capital: intangible investment and intangible assets 281 16.3. Competences to innovate 282 16.3.1. Competences resulting from an internal interaction 283 16.3.2. Competences resulting from an external interaction 283 16.4. The key to the creation of knowledge 284 16.4.1. Modes of conversion of knowledge 285 16.4.2. The spiral of knowledge 286 16.5. The valorization of innovation in terms of the scoreboard 287 16.5.1. The value of IC conceived by SKANDIA 287 16.5.2. The SKANDIA navigator 288 16.5.3. The adaptations of SKANDIA model 290 16.6. Conclusion 293 Chaptrer 17. Financing Innovation 295 Pascale BRENET 17.1. Needs for financing associated with innovation 295 17.1.1. Time, risk and cost of innovation 296 17.1.2. The financial lifecycle of innovation 298 17.1.3. The financial fragility of innovating small companies 301 17.2. Adaptation of resources to innovation: “patient” and “loseable” money 301 17.2.1. Arbitration between debt and capital 302 17.2.2. A pool of resources 304 17.3. The financial system of innovation 306 17.3.1. Capital-investment 306 17.3.2. Markets of growing stocks 310 17.3.3. Public financing of innovation 311 17.4. Conclusion 312 Chapter 18. Innovation on the Web 315 François DRUEL 18.1. Introduction 315 18.2. Distribution model: Open Source and software patents 317 18.2.1. The clash of the titans 317 18.2.2. Publication vs. patents: innovation vs. industry? 319 18.3. An enormous base of information 320 18.4. Marketing and innovation on the Web 322 18.4.1. A leverage 322 18.4.2. A deep impression 323 18.4.3. New reflexes 324 18.5. A fantastic tool for sharing 325 18.5.1. If you don’t know, ask, and if you know, share! 325 18.5.2. Business-to-business: Eldorado or damp squib? 326 18.6. E-commerce: a soufflé fallen flat? 327 18.6.1. Between the hare and the tortoise 328 18.6.2. Incorrect good ideas for reel disadvantages 330 18.7. Conclusion 331 Chapter 19. Virtual Decision Support System for Innovation 333 Emmanuel CHÉNÉ 19.1. Introduction 333 19.2. From the management of innovation to the management of design 334 19.3. Intermediary virtual representations in the industrial context and transmissible via the Internet 337 19.3.1. From VIR in fixed 2D to VIR in interactive 3D via the Internet 337 19.3.2. Characterization of virtual intermediary representations in the industrial context and its transmission via Internet 339 19.4. Developing a decision-making aid with joint analysis software 340 19.4.1. Software tools for joint analysis 341 19.5. Implementation of the software in SME of packaging creation 342 19.5.1. Choice of designs and specifications 343 19.5.2. Collection of data 344 19.5.3. Calculation of uses 345 19.6. Analysis of contributions of VIR with joint analysis in designing 346 19.6.1. Cognitive limitations 347 19.6.2. Limitations in terms of management of decision-making aids 348 19.7. Perspectives 349 19.8. Conclusion 350 Chapter 20. Shapes, Knowledge and Innovation 353 Jean-Pierre MATHIEU, Michel LE RAY and Ilya KIRIA 20.1. Introduction 353 20.1.1. Existence and theory of universal forms: chosen angles and sacred proportions 354 20.2.1. Notion of chosen angles developed by physical sciences and between microscopic and macroscopic scales 355 20.2.2. Golden angles and forms constructed by man 356 20.2.3. Golden angles and other geometric forms 360 20.2.4. Contributions of neurophysiology 361 20.2.5. Contribution of cognitive psychology 363 20.3. The spatial quantification of an object 363 20.4. Overall finding 370 Bibliography 373 List of Authors 397 Index 401

About the Author :
Patrick Corsi is an international consultant in innovation engineering at KINNSYS, Brussels and an Associate Professor at ISTIA Innovation, Angers University. Hervé Christofol is an Associate Professor at Angers University. Simon Richir is a Professor at ENSAM, Angers. Henri Samier is an Associate Professor at ISTIA Innovation, Angers University.