Today, cyber security, cyber defense, information warfare and cyber warfare issues are among the most relevant topics both at the national and international level. All the major states of the world are facing cyber threats and trying to understand how cyberspace could be used to increase power.
Through an empirical, conceptual and theoretical approach, Cyber Conflict has been written by researchers and experts in the fields of cyber security, cyber defense and information warfare. It aims to analyze the processes of information warfare and cyber warfare through historical, operational and strategic perspectives of cyber attack. It is original in its delivery because of its multidisciplinary approach within an international framework, with studies dedicated to different states – Canada, Cuba, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, Singapore, Slovenia and South Africa – describing the state’s application of information warfare principles both in terms of global development and “local” usage and examples.
Contents
1. Canada’s Cyber Security Policy: a Tortuous Path Toward a Cyber Security Strategy, Hugo Loiseau and Lina Lemay.
2. Cuba: Towards an Active Cyber-defense, Daniel Ventre.
3. French Perspectives on Cyber-conflict, Daniel Ventre.
4. Digital Sparta: Information Operations and Cyber-warfare in Greece, Joseph Fitsanakis.
5. Moving Toward an Italian Cyber Defense and Security Strategy, Stefania Ducci.
6. Cyberspace in Japan’s New Defense Strategy, Daniel Ventre.
7. Singapore’s Encounter with Information Warfare: Filtering Electronic Globalization and Military Enhancements, Alan Chong.
8. A Slovenian Perspective on Cyber Warfare, Gorazd Praprotnik, Iztok Podbregar, Igor Bernik and Bojan Ticar.
9. A South African Perspective on Information Warfare and Cyber Warfare, Brett van Niekerk and Manoj Maharaj.
10. Conclusion, Daniel Ventre
Table of Contents:
Introduction xi
Chapter 1. Canada’s Cyber Security Policy: a Tortuous Path Toward a Cyber Security Strategy 1
Hugo LOISEAU and Lina LEMAY
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Canada in North America: sovereign but subordinate? 4
1.3. Counter-terrorism for the improvement of national security 13
1.4. The long path to a national CI protection strategy and national cyber security strategy 25
1.5. The adoption of the current strategies for CI protection and cyber security 31
1.6. Conclusion 37
1.7. Bibliography 38
Chapter 2. Cuba: Towards an Active Cyber-defense 45
Daniel VENTRE
2.1. Cyberspace: statistics and history 47
2.2. Theoretical and practical considerations on information warfare and cyber-warfare 54
2.3. Cyber-warfare theories and practices 56
2.4. Regulations and ways around them 60
2.5. Capabilities of control, surveillance and interception 65
2.6. Enemies 66
2.7. Conclusion 70
2.8. Bibliography 73
Chapter 3. French Perspectives on Cyber-conflict 77
Daniel VENTRE
3.1. Cyberspace 79
3.2. Assessments, view on the world and awakening 88
3.3. Reaction, position of France and choice: theories, political strategies and military doctrines 100
3.4. Conclusion 127
3.5. Bibliography 131
Chapter 4. Digital Sparta: Information Operations and Cyber-warfare in Greece 135
Joseph FITSANAKIS
4.1. Geopolitical significance 136
4.2. Strategic concerns and internal balancing 139
4.3. Formative experiences in information operations: the Ergenekon conspiracy 141
4.4. Formative experiences in information operations: intensifying cyber-attacks 142
4.5. Formative experiences in information operations: the Öcalan affair 143
4.6. Formative experiences in information operations: the Greek wiretapping case of 2004–2005 145
4.7. Emerging civilian information operations strategies 148
4.8. Emerging military information operations strategies 152
4.9. The European Union dimension in Greek information operations 155
4.10. Conclusion 156
4.11. Bibliography 158
Chapter 5. Moving Toward an Italian Cyber Defense and Security Strategy 165
Stefania DUCCI
5.1. Information warfare and cyber warfare: what are they? 165
5.2. Understanding the current Italian geopolitical context 168
5.3. The Italian legal and organizational framework 172
5.4. The need for a national cyber-defense and -security strategy 177
5.5. Conclusion 188
5.6. Bibliography 188
Chapter 6. Cyberspace in Japan’s New Defense Strategy 193
Daniel VENTRE
6.1. Japan’s defense policy 194
6.2. Cyberspace in Japan’s defense strategy 197
6.3. Conclusion 217
6.4. Bibliography 221
Chapter 7. Singapore’s Encounter with Information Warfare: Filtering Electronic Globalization and Military Enhancements 223
Alan CHONG
7.1. Singapore: electronic globalization and its pitfalls 225
7.2. Cyberdefence in the private sector and society at large 228
7.3. The Singapore Armed Forces and the embrace of third-generation warfare 235
7.4. Conclusion 245
7.5. Bibliography 247
Chapter 8. A Slovenian Perspective on Cyber Warfare 251
Gorazd PRAPROTNIK, Iztok PODBREGAR, Igor BERNIK and Bojan TIÈAR
8.1. Introduction 251
8.2. Preparations for digital warfare 254
8.3. Specifics of technologically-advanced small countries 256
8.4. Geostrategic, geopolitics and the economic position of the Republic of Slovenia 258
8.5. Information and communication development in Slovenia 259
8.6. Cyber-threats in Slovenia 261
8.7. Slovenia in the field of information and communication security policy 264
8.8. Slovenia’s information and communication security policy strategy 266
8.9. Conclusion 274
8.10. Bibliography 276
Chapter 9. A South African Perspective on Information Warfare and Cyber Warfare 279
Brett VAN NIEKERK and Manoj MAHARAJ
9.1. The South African structure of information warfare 280
9.2. A South African perspective on cyber-warfare 283
9.3. The Southern African cyber-environment 284
9.4. Legislation 288
9.5. Cyber-security and information warfare organizations in South Africa 289
9.6. Estimated cyber-warfare capability in Africa 290
9.7. Conclusion 291
9.8. Bibliography 292
Chapter 10. Conclusion 297
Daniel VENTRE
10.1. Cyberspace 301
10.2. Bibliography 306
List of Authors 307
Index 309
About the Author :
Daniel Ventre is Engineer, CNRS. Researcher at CESDIP laboratory/Invited Professor at ESSEC Business School Paris/Invited Professor at Telecom Paris Tech, France.
