Biomaterials from Nature for Advanced Devices and Therapies: (Wiley-Society for Biomaterials)

In-depth information on natural biomaterials and their applications for translational medicine! Undiluted expertise: edited by world-leading experts with contributions from top-notch international scientists, collating experience and cutting-edge knowledge on natural biomaterials from all over the world A must-have on the shelf in every biomaterials lab: graduate and PhD students beginning their career in biomaterials science and experienced researchers and practitioners alike will turn to this comprehensive reference in their daily work Link to clinical practice: chapters on translational research make readers aware of what needs to be considered when a biomaterial leaves the lab to be routinely used

Table of Contents:
CONTRIBUTORS xix PREFACE xxix PART I 1 Collagen-Based Porous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering 3 Guoping Chen and Naoki Kawazoe 1.1 Introduction, 3 1.2 Collagen Sponges, 4 1.3 Collagen Sponges with Micropatterned Pore Structures, 7 1.4 Collagen Sponges with Controlled Bulk Structures, 10 1.5 Hybrid Scaffolds, 12 1.6 Conclusions, 13 References, 14 2 Marine Collagen Isolation and Processing Envisaging Biomedical Applications 16 Joana Moreira-Silva, Gabriela S. Diogo, Ana L. P. Marques, Tiago H. Silva, and Rui L. Reis 2.1 Introduction, 16 2.2 Extraction of Collagen from Marine Sources, 18 2.3 Collagen Characterization, 22 2.4 Marine Collagen Wide Applications, 25 2.5 Final Remarks, 32 Acknowledgements, 34 References, 34 3 Gelatin-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Bioengineering 37 Mehdi Nikkhah, Mohsen Akbari, Arghya Paul, Adnan Memic, Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz, and Ali Khademhosseini 3.1 Introduction, 37 3.2 Crosslinking of Gelatin, 38 3.3 Physical Properties of Gelatin, 39 3.4 Application of Gelatin-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering, 40 3.5 Gelatin for Stem Cell Therapy, 45 3.6 Application of Gelatin in Delivery Systems, 49 3.7 Conclusion and Perspectives, 50 Acknowledgements, 50 Abbreviations, 50 References, 51 4 Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels on a Micro and Macro Scale 63 A. Borzacchiello, L. Russo, and L. Ambrosio 4.1 Classification and Structure of Hydrogels, 63 4.2 Hyaluronic Acid, 65 4.3 Hydrogel Mechanical Properties, 66 4.4 HA-Based Hydrogel for Biomedical Applications, 70 References, 75 5 Chondroitin Sulfate as a Bioactive Macromolecule for Advanced Biological Applications and Therapies 79 Nicola Volpi 5.1 CS Structure, 81 5.2 Biological Roles of CS, 81 5.3 Osteoarthritis Treatment, 84 5.4 Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, 84 5.5 Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, 85 5.6 Chondroitin Sulfate-Polymer Conjugates, 86 5.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 87 References, 88 6 Keratin 93 Mark Van Dyke 6.1 Introduction, 93 6.2 Preparation of Keratoses, 98 6.3 Preparation of Kerateines, 100 6.4 Oxidative Sulfitolysis, 101 6.5 Summary, 102 References, 102 7 Elastin-Like Polypeptides: Bio-Inspired Smart Polymers for Protein Purification, Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering 106 Jayanta Bhattacharyya, Joseph J. Bellucci, and Ashutosh Chilkoti 7.1 Introduction, 106 7.2 Recombinant Protein Production Using ELPs as Purification Tags, 107 7.3 Delivery of Therapeutics with ELPs, 113 7.4 Tissue Engineering with ELPs, 119 7.5 Conclusions, 122 Acknowledgements, 122 Abbreviations, 122 References, 123 8 Silk: A Unique Family of Biopolymers 127 A. Motta, M. Floren, and C. Migliaresi 8.1 Introduction, 127 8.2 Main Silk Polymers, 129 8.3 Fibroin Basic Processing: Regenerated Silk Fibroin, 131 8.4 Materials Fabrication of Silk Proteins, 131 8.5 Advanced Material Applications of Silks, 135 8.6 Conclusion, 136 References, 137 9 Silk Protein Sericin: Promising Biopolymer for Biological and Biomedical Applications 142 Sunita Nayak and Subhas C. Kundu 9.1 Introduction, 142 9.2 Sericin Extraction and Processing, 146 9.3 Potential Applications of Sericin, 147 9.4 Immunogenicity and Toxicity of Sericin, 152 9.5 Conclusion, 153 Acknowledgements, 154 References, 154 10 Fibrin 159 Markus Kerbl, Philipp Heher, James Ferguson, and Heinz Redl 10.1 Introduction, 159 10.2 Fibrin Clotting, 160 10.3 Fibrin Degradation, 160 10.4 Fibrin Glue, 163 10.5 Conclusion, 170 Acknowledgement, 171 References, 171 11 Casein Proteins 176 Pranav K. Singh and Harjinder Singh 11.1 Introduction, 176 11.2 Structures and Properties of Casein, 178 11.3 Interaction of Caseins with Metal Ions, 184 11.4 Conclusions, 185 References, 186 12 Biomaterials from Decellularized Tissues 190 Ricardo Londono and Stephen F. Badylak 12.1 Introduction, 190 12.2 Host Response to Implanted ECM-Derived Biomaterials, 196 References, 199 13 Demineralized Bone Matrix: A Morphogenetic Extracellular Matrix 211 A. Hari Reddi and Ryosuke Sakata 13.1 Introduction, 211 13.2 Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM), 211 13.3 From DBM to Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), 213 13.4 BMPs Bind to Extracellular Matrix, 216 13.5 BMP Receptors, 216 13.6 Future Perspectives, 218 Acknowledgements, 218 References, 218 PART II 14 Recent Developments on Chitosan Applications in Regenerative Medicine 223 Ana Rita C. Duarte, Vitor M. Correlo, Joaquim M. Oliveira, and Rui L. Reis 14.1 Introduction, 223 14.2 Chitosan and Derivatives, 224 14.3 Regenerative Medicine Applications of Chitosan, 227 14.4 Processing Methodologies, 231 14.5 Final Remarks, 236 Acknowledgments, 237 References, 237 15 Starch-Based Blends in Tissue Engineering 244 P.P. Carvalho, M.T. Rodrigues, R.L. Reis, and M.E. Gomes 15.1 Introduction, 244 15.2 Starch, 245 15.3 Modification of Starch for Biomedical Applications, 247 15.4 Starch-Based Blends, 248 15.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 254 References, 255 16 Agarose Hydrogel Characterization for Regenerative Medicine Applications: Focus on Engineering Cartilage 258 Brendan L. Roach, Adam B. Nover, Gerard A. Ateshian, and Clark T. Hung 16.1 The Foundations of Agarose, 258 16.2 Structure-Function Relationships of Agarose Hydrogels, 259 16.3 Agarose as a Tissue Engineering Scaffold, 261 16.4 Agarose in the Clinic, 266 16.5 A Scaffold to Build On, 267 Acknowledgements, 268 References, 268 17 Bioengineering Alginate for Regenerative Medicine Applications 274 Emil Ruvinov and Smadar Cohen 17.1 Introduction, 274 17.2 Regenerative Medicine: Definition and Strategies, 275 17.3 Alginate Biomaterial, 277 17.4 Alginate Implant: First in Man Trial for Prevention of Heart Failure, 281 17.5 Alginate Hydrogel as a Vehicle for Stem Cell Delivery and Retention, 284 17.6 Engineering Alginate-Based Cell Microenvironments, 287 17.7 Alginate Hydrogel Carrier for Growth Factor Delivery, 289 17.8 Engineering Alginate for Affinity Binding and Presentation of Heparin-Binding Growth Factors, 292 References, 300 18 Dextran 307 Rong Wang, Pieter J. Dijkstra, and Marcel Karperien 18.1 Introduction, 307 18.2 Structure and Properties, 308 18.3 Dextran Derivatives, 310 18.4 Dextran Copolymers, 314 18.5 Degradation, 316 18.6 Outlook, 316 References, 316 19 Gellan Gum-based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications 320 Joana Silva-Correia, Joaquim Miguel Oliveira, and Rui Lu´ýs Reis 19.1 Introduction, 320 19.2 Gellan Gum and its Derivatives, 322 19.3 Tissue Engineering Applications, 325 19.4 Final Remarks, 331 Acknowledgments, 332 References, 332 PART III 20 Biomedical Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates 339 L.R. Lizarraga-Valderrama, B. Panchal, C. Thomas, A.R. Boccaccini, and I. Roy 20.1 Introduction, 339 20.2 Skin Tissue Engineering, 341 20.3 Nerve Tissue Engineering, 344 20.4 Cardiac Tissue Engineering, 348 20.5 Dental Tissue Engineering, 356 20.6 Bone Tissue Engineering, 358 20.7 Cartilage Tissue Engineering, 366 20.8 Osteochondral Tissue Engineering, 368 20.9 Drug Delivery, 370 20.10 Conclusions and the Future Potential of PHAs in Biomedical Applications, 373 References, 373 21 Bacterial Cellulose 384 Hernane S. Barud, Junkal Gutierrez, Wilton R. Lustri, Maristela F.S. Peres, Sidney J.L. Ribeiro, Sybele Saska, and Agniezska Tercjak 21.1 Introduction, 384 21.2 BC Dressings, 385 21.3 Bacterial Cellulose for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 388 21.4 Concluding Remarks, 393 Acknowledgments, 394 References, 394 PART IV 22 Molecularly Imprinted Cryogels for Protein Purification 403 Müge Andac¸, Igor Yu Galaev, and Adil Denizli 22.1 Introduction, 403 22.2 Molecularly Imprinted Cryogels for Protein Purification, 405 22.3 Some Selected Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Cryogels (MIC) for Macromolecules, 414 22.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives, 421 References, 423 23 Immunogenic Reaction of Implanted Biomaterials from Nature 429 Martijn Van Griensven and Elizabeth Rosado Balmayor 23.1 Introduction, 429 23.2 Implantation Leads to Tissue Injury, 430 23.3 Inflammatory Responses, 431 23.4 Foreign Body Reaction, 433 23.5 Immunogenic Reactions Towards Natural Biomaterials, 435 23.6 Final Remarks, 438 References, 438 24 Chemical Modification of Biomaterials from Nature 444 J.C. Rodr´ýguez Cabello, I. Gonz´alez De Torre, M. Santos, A.M. Testera, and M. Alonso 24.1 Protein Modification, 444 24.2 Lipid Modifications, 451 24.3 Polysaccharide Chemical Modifications, 457 References, 466 PART V 25 Processing of Biomedical Devices for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications 477 Vitor M. Correlo, Albino Martins, Nuno M. Neves, and Rui L. Reis 25.1 Introduction, 477 25.2 Processing Techniques of Naturally Derived Biomaterial, 478 25.3 Processing Techniques of Natural-Based Polymeric Blends, 483 References, 487 26 General Characterization of Physical Properties of Natural-Based Biomaterials 494 Manuel Alatorre-Meda and Joäo F. Mano 26.1 Introduction, 494 26.2 Bulk Properties, 495 26.3 Surface Properties, 507 26.4 Concluding Remarks, 512 Acknowledgments, 512 References, 512 27 General Characterization of Chemical Properties of Natural-Based Biomaterials 517 Manuel Alatorre-Meda and Joäo F. Mano 27.1 Introduction, 517 27.2 Molecular Weight and Elemental Composition, 518 27.3 Physiological Degradation, 524 27.4 Concluding Remarks, 527 Acknowledgments, 529 References, 529 28 In Vitro Biological Testing in the Development of New Devices 532 Marta L. Alves Da Silva, Albino Martins, Ana Costa-Pinto, Rui L. Reis, and Nuno M. Neves 28.1 Introduction, 532 28.2 Cytotoxicity Assays, 533 28.3 Evaluation of Cell Morphology and Distribution, 533 28.4 Cell Viability Assays, 535 28.5 Cell Proliferation Assays, 536 28.6 Biochemical Analysis, 537 28.7 Genotypic Expression Analysis, 541 28.8 Histological Assessment, 542 28.9 In Vitro Engineered Tissues, 543 28.10 Concluding Remarks, 548 References, 548 29 Advanced In-Vitro Cell Culture Methods Using Natural Biomaterials 551 Marta L. Alves Da Silva, Rui L. Reis, and Nuno M. Neves 29.1 Introduction, 551 29.2 Bioreactors, 552 29.3 Hypoxia, 553 29.4 Co-Cultures, 555 29.5 Transfection, 555 29.6 Nanoparticles and Related Systems, 558 29.7 Concluding Remarks, 559 References, 559 30 Testing Natural Biomaterials in Animal Models 562 Ana Costa-Pinto, Tírcia C. Santos, Nuno M. Neves, and Rui L. Reis 30.1 Laboratory Animals as Tools in Biomaterials Testing, 562 30.2 Inflammation and Host Reaction, 564 30.3 Animal Models for Tissue Engineering, 568 30.4 Final Remarks, 574 References, 575 PART VI 31 Delivery Systems Made of Natural-Origin Polymers for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications 583 Albino Martins, Helena Ferreira, Rui L. Reis, and Nuno M. Neves 31.1 Introduction, 583 31.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Polymers-Based Delivery Systems, 585 31.3 Fundamentals of Drug Delivery, 586 31.4 In Vitro and In Vivo Applications of Natural-Based Delivery Systems, 591 31.5 Concluding Remarks, 601 References, 602 32 Translational Research into New Clinical Applications 612 M. David Harmon and Sangamesh G. Kumbar 32.1 Introduction, 612 32.2 Cardiovascular System Applications, 613 32.3 Integumentary System Applications, 616 32.4 Musculoskeletal System Applications, 618 32.5 Nervous System Applications, 619 32.6 Respiratory System Applications, 621 32.7 Gastrointestinal System Applications, 622 32.8 From Idea to Product, 624 Acknowledgements, 626 References, 626 33 Challenges and Opportunities of Natural Biomaterials for Advanced Devices and Therapies 629 R.L. Reis and N.M. Neves 33.1 Introduction, 629 33.2 Challenges of Natural Biomaterials, 630 33.3 Opportunities of Natural Biomaterials, 631 33.4 Final Remarks, 631 References, 632 34 Adhesives Inspired by Marine Mussels 634 Courtney L. Jenkins, Heather J. Meredith, and Jonathan J. Wilker 34.1 Introduction, 634 34.2 Requirements for a Bioadhesive, 635 34.3 Marine Mussels, 636 34.4 Bulk Adhesion Testing, 638 34.5 Extracted Mussel Adhesive Proteins, 640 34.6 Mimics of Mussel Adhesive, 641 34.7 Conclusions, 645 Acknowledgement, 645 References, 645 35 Final Comments and Remarks 649 R.L. Reis and N.M. Neves INDEX 651

About the Author :
Nuno M. Neves is Professor at the Department of Polymer Engineering of the University of Minho, Portugal, where he is Vice-Director of the 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics. Nuno M. Neves received his PhD degree in Polymer Science and Engineering from the University of Minho in collaboration with the University of Twente, The Netherlands. His main area of research is the development of biomaterials from natural origin polymers. His research group focuses mainly on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies using stem cells and advanced drug delivery scaffolds and medical devices. Rui L. Reis is Professor of Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine, Biomaterials and Stem Cells at the Department of Polymer Engineering of the University of Minho, Portugal. He is the Vice-Rector for Research of the University of Minho, Director of the 3B’s Research Group and the Director of the Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory ICVS/3B’s. Rui L. Reis received his PhD degree in Polymer Engineering from the University of Minho in collaboration with Brunel University in London, UK. His main area of research is the development of biomaterials from natural origin polymers that his group proposes for a range of biomedical applications.