Global Networks: Engineering, Operations and Design(IEEE Press)

Table of Contents:
List of Figures xv About the Author xix Foreword xxi Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxv List of Acronyms xxvii Part I NETWORKS 1 Carrier Networks 3 1.1 Operating Global Networks 3 1.1.1 The Power of Redundancy 4 1.1.2 The Virtuous Cycle 6 1.1.3 Measurement and Accountability 7 1.2 Engineering Global Networks 8 1.2.1 Architecture 8 1.2.2 Systems Engineering 8 1.2.3 Capacity Management 8 1.3 Network Taxonomy 10 1.3.1 Voice Systems 10 1.3.2 Data Systems 12 1.3.3 Networks 13 1.3.4 Network Systems 13 1.4 Summary 14 References 14 2 Network Systems Hardware 15 2.1 Models 15 2.2 Telco Systems Model 16 2.2.1 Form and Function 16 2.2.2 Frames and Shelves 20 2.2.3 Chassis 20 2.2.4 Line I/O 21 2.2.5 Power Supply Cards 25 2.2.6 Network Fabric Cards 25 2.2.7 Application Processing 28 2.3 Modular Computing - Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (AdvancedTCA(TM)) 29 2.3.1 Chassis 29 2.4 Blade Center Model 30 2.4.1 Midplane Design 31 2.4.2 Flexible High Speed Interconnection 32 2.4.3 Management Controller 32 2.4.4 Power and Fans 33 2.5 Summary 33 References 33 3 Network Systems Software 35 3.1 Carrier Grade Software 35 3.1.1 Real-Time 35 3.1.2 Reliable 36 3.1.3 Scalable 36 3.1.4 Upgradable and Manageable 38 3.2 Defensive Programming 38 3.2.1 Are You Really Sure? 38 3.2.2 Default Parameters 39 3.2.3 Heap Management 39 3.2.4 Exception Handling and Phased Recovery 39 3.2.5 Last Gasp Forensics 40 3.2.6 Buffer Discards and Dumps 40 3.3 Managed Objects 40 3.3.1 Administrative States 42 3.3.2 Service States 42 3.4 Operational Tests and Fault Conditions 43 3.4.1 Service Turn Up 43 3.4.2 Interrupt or Fault Induced 43 3.4.3 Out of Service Retries 43 3.4.4 On Demand 44 3.5 Alarms 44 3.5.1 Notifications 44 3.5.2 Severity 44 3.5.3 Scope 45 3.5.4 Creation and Persistence 46 3.5.5 Ethernet NIC Example 46 3.6 Network System Data Management 49 3.6.1 Management Information Bases (MIBs) 51 3.6.2 Syslog 52 3.6.3 Audits 53 3.7 Summary 54 References 54 4 Service and Network Objectives 55 4.1 Consumer Wireline Voice 55 4.1.1 Service Request 55 4.1.2 Address Signaling 56 4.1.3 Call Setup 56 4.1.4 Alerting 56 4.1.5 Call Completion 56 4.1.6 Disconnect 56 4.1.7 Network Service Objectives 57 4.1.8 Consumer Wireline Voice Network Model 57 4.1.9 Local Loops 58 4.1.10 Originating Office A 58 4.1.11 Toll Connect Group A-C 59 4.1.12 Tandem Office C 60 4.1.13 Toll Completing Group C-B 60 4.1.14 Terminating Office B 60 4.1.15 Long Term Downtime 60 4.1.16 Measurement Summary 60 4.2 Enterprise Voice over IP Service 61 4.2.1 Five 9's 61 4.2.2 Meaningful and Measurable Objectives 61 4.3 Technology Transitions 65 4.4 Summary 66 References 66 5 Access and Aggregation Networks 69 5.1 Wireline Networks 70 5.1.1 Voice Services 70 5.1.2 Broadband Services 74 5.1.3 DSL 74 5.1.4 DSL Design and Engineering 76 5.1.5 DSL Operations 79 5.1.6 DSL Objectives, Metrics, and Line Management 80 5.1.7 ADSL Aggregation Networks 82 5.1.8 ADSL2+ and VDSL Aggregation Networks 82 5.1.9 Fiber to the Home (FTTH) 83 5.1.10 Fiber to the Curb (FTTC) 87 5.1.11 Fiber to the Node (FTTN) 87 5.1.12 FTTH Design and Engineering 87 5.1.13 FTTH Operations 90 5.1.14 FTTH Aggregation Networks 91 5.2 Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) Networks 92 5.2.1 Node Design 93 5.2.2 Digital TV 93 5.2.3 DOCSIS 94 5.2.4 HFC Design and Engineering 94 5.2.5 HFC Operations 95 5.3 Wireless Mobile Networks 96 5.3.1 GSM 97 5.3.2 Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) 106 5.3.3 Long Term Evolution (LTE) 111 5.4 Wireless Design and Engineering 118 5.4.1 Air Interface 118 5.4.2 Mobility 121 5.4.3 Inter-Radio Access Technology (IRAT) 122 5.4.4 Device Behavior 122 5.5 Summary 123 References 123 6 Backbone Networks 125 6.1 Transport 127 6.1.1 Transport Services 127 6.1.2 Transport Resiliency and Protection 130 6.2 IP Core 135 6.2.1 Regional IP Backbones 136 6.2.2 Points of Presence (POPs) 137 6.2.3 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 137 6.2.4 Route Reflectors 143 6.3 Backbone Design and Engineering 143 6.3.1 Location and Size of POPs 144 6.3.2 Fault Recovery 144 6.3.3 Quality of Service QoS 145 6.3.4 Traffic Demand 146 6.3.5 Control Plane 146 6.4 Summary 147 References 147 7 Cloud Services 149 7.1 Competition 149 7.2 Defining the Cloud 150 7.2.1 Architecture 150 7.2.2 Infrastructure 151 7.2.3 Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Clouds 152 7.2.4 Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 156 7.2.5 Application Servers and Enablers 162 7.2.6 IMS Design and Engineering 164 7.3 Cloud Services 166 7.3.1 Network-Based Security 166 7.3.2 Voice over IP (VoIP) Services 167 7.3.3 Conferencing 170 7.3.4 Compute and Storage 170 7.3.5 The Mobile Cloud 170 7.4 Summary 171 References 171 8 Network Peering and Interconnection 173 8.1 Wireline Voice 173 8.1.1 Interexchange Carriers (IXCs) 174 8.1.2 Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs) 177 8.2 SS7 Interconnection 178 8.2.1 Services 178 8.3 IP Interconnection 180 8.3.1 VPN Peering 180 8.3.2 Internet Peering 180 8.3.3 Public Peering 183 8.3.4 Mobility Peering 185 8.4 Summary 187 References 188 Part II TEAMS AND SYSTEMS 9 Engineering and Operations 191 9.1 Engineering 192 9.1.1 Systems Engineers 192 9.1.2 Network Planning 196 9.1.3 Network and Central Office Engineers 196 9.1.4 Outside Plant Engineers 197 9.1.5 Common Systems Engineers 197 9.2 Operations 197 9.2.1 Network Operations Center (NOCs) 198 9.2.2 Tiered Maintenance 202 9.3 Summary 204 References 205 10 Customer Marketing, Sales, and Care 207 10.1 Industry Markets 207 10.1.1 Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs) 207 10.1.2 Interexchange Carriers (IXCs) 210 10.2 Consumer Markets 211 10.2.1 Product Marketing 212 10.2.2 Consumer Care 214 10.3 Enterprise Markets 218 10.3.1 Pre-Sales Support 219 10.3.2 Sales Support 220 10.3.3 Engineering and Implementation 220 10.4 Summary 220 References 221 11 Fault Management 223 11.1 Network Management Work Groups 223 11.2 Systems Planes 224 11.2.1 Bearer Planes 224 11.2.2 Control Planes 225 11.2.3 Management Planes 226 11.3 Management Systems 227 11.3.1 Network Management Systems 227 11.3.2 Element Management Systems 230 11.3.3 Network Elements 231 11.3.4 Management Interfaces 231 11.3.5 Specialized Management Systems 240 11.4 Management Domains 244 11.4.1 Optical Networks 245 11.4.2 IP/MPLS Networks 246 11.4.3 Other Domains 247 11.5 Network Management and the Virtuous Cycle 247 11.5.1 Notifications 247 11.5.2 Sectionalization 249 11.5.3 Fault Isolation 249 11.6 Summary 250 References 251 12 Support Systems 253 12.1 Support Systems Standards and Design 253 12.2 Capacity Management Systems 255 12.2.1 Work Groups 256 12.2.2 Data Collection 257 12.2.3 Engineering Rules 259 12.2.4 Capacity Management Applications 260 12.2.5 Supply Chain Management 261 12.3 Service Fulfillment 261 12.3.1 Offers and Proposals 262 12.3.2 Service Ordering 264 12.3.3 Service Activation 267 12.4 Design and Engineering 268 12.5 Summary 268 References 268 Part III TRANSFORMATION 13 Integration and Innovation 271 13.1 Technology Integration 271 13.1.1 Technology Scanning 272 13.1.2 Technology Selection 273 13.1.3 Network System Testing and Verification 277 13.1.4 Support Systems Integration 287 13.2 Lifecycle Support 288 13.3 Invention and Innovation 290 13.3.1 The Role of Research 291 13.3.2 The Bridge to Research 292 13.4 Summary 295 References 296 14 Disasters and Outages 297 14.1 Disasters 297 14.1.1 Carrier Teams 298 14.1.2 Disaster Response 300 14.1.3 Engineering and Design 300 14.2 Outages 302 14.2.1 Anatomy of an Outage 302 14.2.2 Congestion Onset 307 14.2.3 Congestion Propagation 307 14.2.4 Root Cause 308 14.2.5 Contributing Cause 309 14.2.6 Triggering Events 309 14.2.7 Teams in an Outage 309 14.2.8 Press and External Affairs 311 14.3 The Vicious Cycle 313 14.3.1 Engineering and Operational Defense 314 14.4 Summary 316 References 316 15 Technologies that Matter 317 15.1 Convergence or Conspiracy? 317 15.1.1 Enter the World Wide Web 318 15.1.2 Silicon Valley - A Silent Partner 318 15.1.3 US Telecommunication Policy 318 15.1.4 The Conspiracy - A Confluence of Events 319 15.1.5 Local Phone Service in Jeopardy 320 15.1.6 Technologies in Response 322 15.2 Technologies Beyond 2012 324 15.2.1 IPv6 324 15.2.2 Invisible Computing 332 15.2.3 Beyond 400G 334 15.3 HTML5 and WEBRTC 335 15.3.1 Video Evolution 337 15.3.2 High Definition Voice 338 15.4 Summary 340 References 341 16 Carriers Transformed 343 16.1 Historical Transformations 343 16.1.1 Stored Program Control Switching 1965-1985 343 16.1.2 Digital Wireline Communications 1975-2000 344 16.1.3 Digital Wireless Communication 1990-Onwards 345 16.2 Regulation and Investment 346 16.2.1 Regulation 346 16.2.2 Investment 347 16.3 Consumer Wireline Networks and Services 347 16.3.1 Market Trends 347 16.3.2 Technology 348 16.4 Wireless Networks and Services 351 16.4.1 Market Trends 351 16.4.2 Technology 352 16.5 Backbone Networks 352 16.6 Science and Technology Matter 353 References 353 Appendix A: IPv6 Technologies 355 Appendix B: The Next Generation Network and Why We'll Never See It 361 Index 367

About the Author :
Keith Cambron began his career at Bell Telephone Laboratories and was President and CEO of SBC Laboratories from 2003-2006, and President and CEO of AT&T Laboratories from 2006-2011. In 2010 he was named as one of the Top 25 Technology Thought Leaders in the world by CRN Magazine. He has ten patents for telecommunications software and systems which he designed and deployed. The author has a personal website www.moonlight-networks.com