This lean, focused text concentrates on giving students a clear understanding of database fundamentals while providing a broad survey of all the major topics of the field. The result is a text that is easily covered in one semester, and that only includes topics relevant to the database course. Mark Gillenson, an associate editor of the Journal of Database Management, has 15 years experience of working with and teaching at IBM Corp. and 15 years of teaching experience at the college level. He writes in a clear, friendly style that progresses step-by-step through all of the major database topics. Each chapter begins with a story about a real company's database application, and is packed with examples. When students finish the text, they will be able to immediately apply what they've learned in business.
Table of Contents:
Preface xiii About The Author xvii
CHAPTER 1 DATA: THE NEW CORPORATE RESOURCE 1
Introduction 2
The History of Data 2
The Origins of Data 2
Data Through the Ages 5
Early Data Problems Spawn Calculating Devices 7
Swamped with Data 8
Modern Data Storage Media 9
Data in Today’s Information Systems Environment 12
Using Data for Competitive Advantage 12
Problems in Storing and Accessing Data 12
Data as a Corporate Resource 13
The Database Environment 14
Summary 15
CHAPTER 2 DATA MODELING 19
Introduction 20
Binary Relationships 20
What is a Binary Relationship? 20
Cardinality 23
Modality 24
More About Many-to-Many Relationships 25
Unary Relationships 28
One-to-One Unary Relationship 28
One-to-Many Unary Relationship 29
Many-to-Many Unary Relationship 29
Ternary Relationships 31
Example: The General Hardware Company 31
Example: Good Reading Book Stores 34
Example: World Music Association 35
Example: Lucky Rent-A-Car 36
Summary 37
CHAPTER 3 THE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CONCEPT 41
Introduction 42
Data Before Database Management 43
Records and Files 43
Basic Concepts in Storing and Retrieving Data 46
The Database Concept 48
Data as a Manageable Resource 48
Data Integration and Data Redundancy 49
Multiple Relationships 56
Data Control Issues 58
Data Independence 60
DBMS Approaches 60
Summary 63
CHAPTER 4 RELATIONAL DATA RETRIEVAL: SQL 67
Introduction 68
Data Retrieval with the SQL SELECT Command 68
Introduction to the SQL SELECT Command 68
Basic Functions 70
Built-In Functions 81
Grouping Rows 83
The Join 85
Subqueries 86
A Strategy for Writing SQL SELECT Commands 89
Example: Good Reading Book Stores 90
Example: World Music Association 92
Example: Lucky Rent-A-Car 95
Relational Query Optimizer 97
Relational DBMS Performance 97
Relational Query Optimizer Concepts 97
Summary 99
CHAPTER 5 THE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL: INTRODUCTION 105
Introduction 106
The Relational Database Concept 106
Relational Terminology 106
Primary and Candidate Keys 109
Foreign Keys and Binary Relationships 111
Data Retrieval from a Relational Database 124
Extracting Data from a Relation 124
The Relational Select Operator 125
The Relational Project Operator 125
Combination of the Relational Select and Project Operators 126
Extracting Data Across Multiple Relations: Data Integration 127
Example: Good Reading Book Stores 129
Example: World Music Association 130
Example: Lucky Rent-A-Car 132
Summary 132
CHAPTER 6 THE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL: ADDITIONAL CONCEPTS 137
Introduction 138
Relational Structures for Unary and Ternary Relationships 139
Unary One-to-Many Relationships 139
Unary Many-to-Many Relationships 143
Ternary Relationships 146
Referential Integrity 150
The Referential Integrity Concept 150
Three Delete Rules 152
Summary 153
CHAPTER 7 LOGICAL DATABASE DESIGN 157
Introduction 158
Converting E-R Diagrams into Relational Tables 158
Introduction 158
Converting a Simple Entity 158
Converting Entities in Binary Relationships 160
Converting Entities in Unary Relationships 164
Converting Entities in Ternary Relationships 166
Designing the General Hardware Co. Database 166
Designing the Good Reading Bookstores Database 170
Designing the World Music Association Database 171
Designing the Lucky Rent-A-Car Database 173
The Data Normalization Process 174
Introduction to the Data Normalization Technique 175
Steps in the Data Normalization Process 177
Example: General Hardware Co. 185
Example: Good Reading Bookstores 186
Example: World Music Association 188
Example: Lucky Rent-A-Car 188
Testing Tables Converted from E-R Diagrams with Data Normalization 189
Building the Data Structure with SQL 191
Manipulating the Data with SQL 192
Summary 193
CHAPTER 8 PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGN 199
Introduction 200
Disk Storage 202
The Need for Disk Storage 202
How Disk Storage Works 203
File Organizations and Access Methods 207
The Goal: Locating a Record 207
The Index 207
Hashed Files 215
Inputs to Physical Database Design 218
The Tables Produced by the Logical Database Design Process 219
Business Environment Requirements 219
Data Characteristics 219
Application Characteristics 220
Operational Requirements: Data Security, Backup, and Recovery 220
Physical Database Design Techniques 221
Adding External Features 221
Reorganizing Stored Data 224
Splitting a Table into Multiple Tables 226
Changing Attributes in a Table 227
Adding Attributes to a Table 228
Combining Tables 230
Adding New Tables 232
Example: Good Reading Book Stores 233
Example: World Music Association 234
Example: Lucky Rent-A-Car 235
Summary 237
CHAPTER 9 OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASE MANAGEMENT 247
Introduction 248
Terminology 250
Complex Relationships 251
Generalization 251
Inheritance of Attributes 253
Operations, Inheritance of Operations, and Polymorphism 254
Aggregation 255
The General Hardware Co. Class Diagram 256
The Good Reading Bookstores Class Diagram 256
The World Music Association Class Diagram 259
The Lucky Rent-A-Vehicle Class Diagram 260
Encapsulation 260
Abstract Data Types 262
Object/Relational Database 263
Summary 264
CHAPTER 10 DATA ADMINISTRATION, DATABASE ADMINISTRATION, AND DATA DICTIONARIES 269
Introduction 270
The Advantages of Data and Database Administration 271
Data as a Shared Corporate Resource 271
Efficiency in Job Specialization 272
Operational Management of Data 273
Managing Externally Acquired Databases 273
Managing Data in the Decentralized Environment 274
The Responsibilities of Data Administration 274
Data Coordination 274
Data Planning 275
Data Standards 275
Liaison to Systems Analysts and Programmers 276
Training 276
Arbitration of Disputes and Usage Authorization 277
Documentation and Publicity 277
Data’s Competitive Advantage 277
The Responsibilities of Database Administration 278
DBMS Performance Monitoring 278
DBMS Troubleshooting 278
DBMS Usage and Security Monitoring 279
Data Dictionary Operations 279
DBMS Data and Software Maintenance 280
Database Design 280
Data Dictionaries 281
Introduction 281
A Simple Example of Metadata 282
Passive and Active Data Dictionaries 284
Relational DBMS Catalogs 287
Data Repositories 287
Summary 287
CHAPTER 11 DATABASE CONTROL ISSUES: SECURITY, BACKUP AND RECOVERY, CONCURRENCY 291
Introduction 292
Data Security 293
The Importance of Data Security 293
Types of Data Security Breaches 294
Methods of Breaching Data Security 294
Types of Data Security Measures 296
Backup and Recovery 303
The Importance of Backup and Recovery 303
Backup Copies and Journals 303
Forward Recovery 304
Backward Recovery 305
Duplicate or ‘‘Mirrored’’ Databases 306
Disaster Recovery 306
Concurrency Control 308
The Importance of Concurrency Control 308
The Lost Update Problem 308
Locks and Deadlock 309
Versioning 310
Summary 311
CHAPTER 12 CLIENT/SERVER DATABASE AND DISTRIBUTED DATABASE 315
Introduction 316
Client/Server Databases 316
Distributed Database 321
The Distributed Database Concept 321
Concurrency Control in Distributed Databases 325
Distributed Joins 327
Partitioning or Fragmentation 329
Distributed Directory Management 330
Distributed DBMSs: Advantages and Disadvantages 331
Summary 332
CHAPTER 13 THE DATA WAREHOUSE 335
Introduction 336
The Data Warehouse Concept 338
The Data is Subject Oriented 338
The Data is Integrated 339
The Data is Non-Volatile 339
The Data is Time Variant 339
The Data Must Be High Quality 340
The Data May Be Aggregated 340
The Data is Often Denormalized 340
The Data is Not Necessarily Absolutely Current 341
Types of Data Warehouses 341
The Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) 342
The Data Mart (DM) 342
Which to Choose: The EDW, the DM, or Both? 342
Designing a Data Warehouse 343
Introduction 343
General Hardware Co. Data Warehouse 344
Good Reading Bookstores Data Warehouse 348
Lucky Rent-A-Car Data Warehouse 350
What About a World Music Association Data Warehouse? 351
Building a Data Warehouse 352
Introduction 352
Data Extraction 352
Data Cleaning 354
Data Transformation 356
Data Loading 356
Using a Data Warehouse 357
On-Line Analytic Processing 357
Data Mining 357
Administering a Data Warehouse 360
Challenges in Data Warehousing 361
Summary 362
CHAPTER 14 DATABASES AND THE INTERNET 365
Introduction 366
Database Connectivity Issues 367
Expanded Set of Data Types 373
Database Control Issues 374
Performance 374
Availability 375
Scalability 376
Security and Privacy 376
Data Extraction into XML 379
Summary 381
INDEX 385
About the Author :
Mark L. Gillenson is Professor of Management Information Systems and Director of MBA Programs in the Fogelman College of Business & Economics of the University of Memphis in Memphis, TN. He received his B.S. degree in Mathematics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer and Information Science from The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Dr. Gillenson worked for the IBM Corp. for 15 years in a variety of positions, including seven years as a faculty member of the prestigious IBM Systems Research Institute. Subsequently, he was a professor at the University of Miami, Miami FL. Dr. Gillenson's areas of interest are database management systems, particularly database administration and database design, electronic commerce, and software testing. He is an associate editor of the Journal of Database Management and of the journal Pattern Recognition. Dr. Gillenson's research has appeared in MIS Quarterly, Communications of the ACM, Methods of Information in Medicine, and other leading journals. His books include Strategic Planning, Systems Analysis, and Database Design, 1984, Database: Step-by-Step, Second Edition, 1990, and Fundamentals of Database Management Systems, 2005, all published by John Wiley & Sons.
