Reliability Engineering: (Wiley Series in Systems Engineering and Management)

A newly revised and updated edition that details both the theoretical foundations and practical applications of reliability engineering Reliability is one of the most important quality characteristics of components, products, and large and complex systems—but it takes a significant amount of time and resources to bring reliability to fruition. Thoroughly classroom- and industry-tested, this book helps ensure that engineers see reliability success with every product they design, test, and manufacture. Divided into three parts, Reliability Engineering, Second Edition handily describes the theories and their practical uses while presenting readers with real-world examples and problems to solve. Part I focuses on system reliability estimation for time independent and failure dependent models, helping engineers create a reliable design. Part II aids the reader in assembling necessary components and configuring them to achieve desired reliability objectives, conducting reliability tests on components, and using field data from similar components. Part III follows what happens once a product is produced and sold, how the manufacturer must ensure its reliability objectives by providing preventive and scheduled maintenance and warranty policies. This Second Edition includes in-depth and enhanced chapter coverage of: Reliability and Hazard Functions System Reliability Evaluation Time- and Failure-Dependent Reliability Estimation Methods of the Parameters of Failure-Time Distributions Parametric Reliability Models Models for Accelerated Life Testing Renewal Processes and Expected Number of Failures Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Warranty Models Case Studies A comprehensive reference for practitioners and professionals in quality and reliability engineering, Reliability Engineering can also be used for senior undergraduate or graduate courses in industrial and systems, mechanical, and electrical engineering programs.

Table of Contents:
Preface xi Prelude xiv Chapter 1 Reliability and Hazard Functions 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Reliability Definition and Estimation 3 1.3 Hazard Functions 15 1.4 Multivariate Hazard Rate 55 1.5 Competing Risk Model and Mixture of Failure Rates 59 1.6 Discrete Probability Distributions 64 1.7 Mean Time to Failure 67 1.8 Mean Residual Life (MRL) 70 1.9 Time of First Failure 71 Problems 73 References 85 Chapter 2 System Reliability Evaluation 87 2.1 Introduction 87 2.2 Reliability Block Diagrams 87 2.3 Series Systems 91 2.4 Parallel Systems 93 2.5 Parallel-Series, Series-Parallel, and Mixed-Parallel Systems 95 2.6 Consecutive-k-out-of-n:F System 104 2.7 Reliability of k-out-of-n Systems 113 2.8 Reliability of k-out-of-n Balanced Systems 115 2.9 Complex Reliability Systems 117 2.10 Special Networks 131 2.11 Multistate Models 132 2.12 Redundancy 138 2.13 Importance Measures of Components 142 Problems 154 References 167 Chapter 3 Time- and Failure-Dependent Reliability 170 3.1 Introduction 170 3.2 Nonrepairable Systems 170 3.3 Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) 178 3.4 Repairable Systems 187 3.5 Availability 198 3.6 Dependent Failures 207 3.7 Redundancy and Standby 212 Problems 222 References 231 Chapter 4 Estimation Methods of the Parameters of Failure-Time Distributions 233 4.1 Introduction 233 4.2 Method of Moments 234 4.3 The Likelihood Function 241 4.4 Method of Least Squares 256 4.5 Bayesian Approach 261 4.6 Generation of Failure-Time Data 265 Problems 267 References 272 Chapter 5 Parametric Reliability Models 273 5.1 Introduction 273 5.2 Approach 1: Historical Data 273 5.3 Approach 2: Operational Life Testing 274 5.4 Approach 3: Burn-In Testing 275 5.5 Approach 4: Accelerated Life Testing 275 5.6 Types of Censoring 277 5.7 The Exponential Distribution 279 5.8 The Rayleigh Distribution 294 5.9 The Weibull Distribution 302 5.10 Lognormal Distribution 314 5.11 The Gamma Distribution 321 5.12 The Extreme Value Distribution 329 5.13 The Half-Logistic Distribution 331 5.14 Frechet Distribution 338 5.15 Birnbaum–Saunders Distribution 341 5.16 Linear Models 344 5.17 Multicensored Data 346 Problems 351 References 361 Chapter 6 Models for Accelerated Life Testing 364 6.1 Introduction 364 6.2 Types of Reliability Testing 365 6.3 Accelerated Life Testing 368 6.4 ALT Models 372 6.5 Statistics-Based Models: Nonparametric 386 6.6 Physics-Statistics-Based Models 404 6.7 Physics-Experimental-Based Models 412 6.8 Degradation Models 415 6.9 Statistical Degradation Models 419 6.10 Accelerated Life Testing Plans 421 Problems 425 References 436 Chapter 7 Renewal Processes and Expected Number of Failures 440 7.1 Introduction 440 7.2 Parametric Renewal Function Estimation 441 7.3 Nonparametric Renewal Function Estimation 455 7.4 Alternating Renewal Process 465 7.5 Approximations of M(t ) 468 7.6 Other Types of Renewal Processes 469 7.7 The Variance of Number of Renewals 471 7.8 Confidence Intervals for the Renewal Function 477 7.9 Remaining Life at Time T 479 7.10 Poisson Processes 481 7.11 Laplace Transform and Random Variables 485 Problems 487 References 494 Chapter 8 Preventive Maintenance and Inspection 496 8.1 Introduction 496 8.2 Preventive Maintenance and Replacement Models: Cost Minimization 497 8.3 Preventive Maintenance and Replacement Models: Downtime Minimization 506 8.4 Minimal Repair Models 509 8.5 Optimum Replacement Intervals for Systems Subject to Shocks 513 8.6 Preventive Maintenance and Number of Spares 517 8.7 Group Maintenance 524 8.8 Periodic Inspection 527 8.9 Condition-Based Maintenance 535 8.10 Online Surveillance and Monitoring 537 Problems 542 References 548 Chapter 9 Warranty Models 551 9.1 Introduction 551 9.2 Warranty Models for Nonrepairable Products 553 9.3 Warranty Models for Repairable Products 574 9.4 Two-Dimensional Warranty 588 9.5 Warranty Claims 590 Problems 597 References 601 Chapter 10 Case Studies 603 10.1 Case 1: A Crane Spreader Subsystem 603 10.2 Case 2: Design of a Production Line 609 10.3 Case 3: An Explosive Detection System 617 10.4 Case 4: Reliability of Furnace Tubes 623 10.5 Case 5: Reliability of Smart Cards 629 10.6 Case 6: Life Distribution of Survivors of Qualification and Certification 632 10.7 Case 7: Reliability Modeling of Telecommunication Networks for the Air Traffic Control System 639 10.8 Case 8: System Design Using Reliability Objectives 648 10.9 Case 9: Reliability Modeling of Hydraulic Fracture Pumps 658 References 663 Appendices Appendix A Gamma Table 667 Appendix B Computer Program to Calculate the Reliability of a Consecutive-k-out-of-n:F System 674 Appendix C Optimum Arrangement of Components in Consecutive-2-out-of-n:F Systems 676 Appendix D Computer Program for Solving the Time-Dependent Equations Using Runge-Kutta’s Method 682 Appendix E The Newton–Raphson Method 684 Appendix F Coefficients of bi’s for i = 1, . . . , n 689 Appendix G Variance of Ө ∗2’s in Terms of Ө 22/n and K3 /K*2 716 Appendix H Computer Listing of the Newton–Raphson Method 722 Appendix I Coefficients (ai and bi) of the Best Estimates of the Mean (μ) and Standard Deviation (σ) in Censored Samples Up to n = 20 From a Normal Population 724 Appendix J Baker’s Algorithm 737 Appendix K Standard Normal Distribution 741 Appendix L Critical Values of χ2 747 Appendix M Solutions of Selected Problems 750 Author Index 759 Subject Index 764