About the Book
ASCE 7 is the US standard for identifying minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7 covers many load types, of which wind isone. The purpose of thisbook is to provide structural and architectural engineers with the practical state-of-the-art knowledge and tools needed for designing and retrofitting buildings for wind loads. The book will also cover wind-induced loss estimation.This new editioninclude a guide to the thoroughly revised, 2010 version of the ASCE 7 Standard provisions for wind loads; incorporate major advances achieved in recent years in the design of tall buildings for wind; present material on retrofitting and loss estimation; and improve the presentation of the material to increase its usefulness to structural engineers. Key features: New focus on tall buildings helps make the analysis and design guidance easier and less complex. Covers the new simplified design methods of ASCE 7-10, guiding designers to clearly understand the spirit and letter of the provisions and use the design methods with confidence and ease. Includes new coverage of retrofitting for wind load resistance and loss estimation from hurricane winds.
Thoroughly revised and updated to conform with current practice and research.
Table of Contents:
PREFACE xi PART I INTRODUCTION 1 1 OVERVIEW 3 PART II GUIDE TO THE ASCE 7-10 STANDARD PROVISIONS ON WIND LOADS 7 2 ASCE 7-10 WIND LOADING PROVISIONS 9 2.1 Introduction / 9 2.2 ASCE 7-10 Standard: An Overview / 10 2.3 Organization of the Guide: Chapters 3 to 9 / 19 3 REGULAR AND SIMPLIFIED APPROACH: RISK CATEGORY, BASIC WIND SPEED, ENCLOSURE, EXPOSURE, TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR 21 3.1 Risk Category (ASCE Table 1.5-1) / 21 3.2 Basic Wind Speed V (ASCE Sect. 26.5, ASCE Figs. 26.5.-1a, b, c) / 22 3.3 Enclosure Classification (ASCE Sects. 26.2 and 26.10) / 23 3.4 Exposure Category (ASCE Sect. 26.7) / 24 3.5 Topographic Factor Kzt (ASCE Sect. 26.8, ASCE Fig. 26.8-1) / 27 4 REGULAR APPROACH: STEPS COMMON TO ALL BUILDINGS/OTHER STRUCTURES (MWFRS AND C&C) 31 4.1 Introduction / 31 4.2 Regular Approach: Steps Common to All Buildings and Other Structures (MWFRS and C&C) / 32 5 REGULAR APPROACH: BUILDINGS, PARAPETS, OVERHANGS ("DIRECTIONAL" PROCEDURE), MWFRS 37 5.1 Introduction / 37 5.2 Regular Approach: Enclosed or Partially Enclosed Buildings of All Heights, MWFRS / 37 5.3 Regular Approach: Roof Overhangs and Parapets, MWFRS / 53 5.4 Regular Approach: Open Buildings with Monoslope, Pitched, or Troughed Free Roofs, MWFRS / 55 6 REGULAR APPROACH: LOW-RISE BUILDINGS, PARAPETS, OVERHANGS ("ENVELOPE" PROCEDURE), MWFRS 57 6.1 Net Pressures on Walls and Roof / 57 6.2 Comparison Between Results Based on ASCE Sects. 27.4.1 and 28.4.1 / 62 6.3 Regular Approach: Parapets and Roof Overhangs, MWFRS / 63 7 REGULAR APPROACH: STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BUILDINGS, MWFRS 65 7.1 Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs / 65 7.2 Open Signs, Lattice Frameworks, Trussed Towers / 69 7.3 Chimneys, Tanks, Rooftop Equipment, and Similar Structures / 74 7.4 Solid Attached Signs / 75 7.5 Rooftop Structures and Equipment on Buildings / 77 8 SIMPLIFIED APPROACH: ENCLOSED SIMPLE DIAPHRAGM BUILDINGS, PARAPETS, OVERHANGS (MWFRS) 81 8.1 Simplified Approach: Class 1 Buildings, Walls and Roof, MWFRS / 81 8.2 Simplified Approach: Parapets, MWFRS / 85 8.3 Simplified Approach: Roof Overhangs, MWFRS / 85 8.4 Simplified Approach: Class 2 Buildings, Walls and Roof, MWFRS / 86 8.5 Simplified Approach: Simple Diaphragm Low-Rise Buildings, MWFRS / 90 9 REGULAR AND SIMPLIFIED APPROACHES: C&C 95 9.1 Introduction / 95 9.2 Regular Approach / 95 9.3 Simplified Approaches / 105 PART III WIND ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS 107 10 ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATIONS 109 10.1 Atmospheric Hydrodynamics / 109 10.2 Windstorms / 113 11 THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER 117 11.1 Wind Speeds and Averaging Times / 118 11.2 Wind Speed Profiles / 121 11.3 Atmospheric Turbulence / 130 12 EXTREME WIND SPEEDS AND WIND-INDUCED EFFECTS 137 12.1 Wind Speed Data / 138 12.2 Cumulative Distributions, Exceedance Probabilities, Mean Recurrence Intervals / 141 12.3 Parametric Estimates of N -Year Wind Speeds; Closed Form Estimators; Software / 143 12.4 Probabilistic Estimates of Wind Effects Based on Nondirectional and Directional Wind Speed Data / 149 12.5 Development of Directional Databases of Hurricane Wind Speeds / 153 12.6 Development of Directional Databases of Non-Hurricane Wind Speeds / 155 12.7 Non-Parametric Statistics, Application to One-Dimensional Time Series / 157 12.8 Error Estimates / 159 13 BLUFF BODY AERODYNAMICS BASICS; AERODYNAMIC TESTING 163 13.1 Introduction / 163 13.2 Bluff Body Aerodynamics / 163 13.3 Aerodynamic Testing / 173 13.4 Low-Frequency Turbulence and Aerodynamic Pressures on Residential Homes / 183 14 STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS 185 14.1 Introduction / 185 14.2 The Single-Degree-of Freedom Linear System / 186 14.3 Continuously Distributed Linear Systems / 190 14.4 Time Domain Solutions for Three-Dimensional Dynamic Response / 199 15 AEROELASTICITY 203 15.1 Introduction / 203 15.2 Vortex-Induced Oscillations / 205 15.3 Galloping / 206 15.4 Flutter / 210 16 STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY UNDER WIND LOADING 217 16.1 Introduction / 217 16.2 First-Order Second-Moment Approach, Load and Resistance Factors / 220 16.3 Dependence of Wind Effects on Wind Directionality / 225 16.4 Structural Strength Reserve / 226 16.5 Design Criteria for Multi-Hazard Regions / 228 16.6 Individual Uncertainties and Overall Uncertainty in the Estimation of Wind Effects / 229 16.7 Calibration of Design MRIs in the Presence of Dynamic Effects or of Large Knowledge Uncertainties / 232 17 LOSS ESTIMATION 237 17.1 Introduction / 237 17.2 Elements of Damage Estimation Procedures / 238 17.3 Loss Estimation / 245 PART IV WIND EFFECTS ON BUILDINGS 247 18 RIGID BUILDINGS 249 18.1 Introduction / 249 18.2 Database-Assisted Design (DAD) / 252 18.3 Wind Directionality Effects / 258 18.4 Uncertainties in the Estimation of Wind Effects / 259 19 TALL BUILDINGS 261 19.1 Introduction / 261 19.2 High-Frequency Force Balance Approach (HFFB) / 263 19.3 Aeroelastic Effects. Testing Based on Strain Measurements / 265 19.4 Database-Assisted Design / 269 19.5 Serviceability Requirements / 278 19.6 Preliminary Estimates of Flexible Building Response / 279 PART V APPENDICES 287 APPENDIXA1 RANDOM PROCESSES 289 A1.1 Fourier Series and Fourier Integrals / 290 A1.2 Parseval's Equality / 291 A1.3 Spectral Density Function of a Random Stationary Signal / 292 A1.4 Autocorrelation Function of a Random Stationary Signal / 293 A1.5 Cross-Covariance Function, Co-Spectrum, Quadrature Spectrum, Coherence / 295 A1.6 Mean Upcrossing and Outcrossing Rate for a Gaussian Process / 296 A1.7 Probability Distribution of the Peak Value of a Normally Distributed Random Signal / 297 A1.8 Probability Distribution of the Peak Value of a Non-Gaussian Random Signal / 298 APPENDIXA2 MEAN WIND PROFILES AND ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER DEPTH 301 A2.1 Equations of Balance of Momenta within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer / 301 A2.2 The Turbulent Ekman Layer / 302 APPENDIXA3 SPECTRA OF TURBULENT VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS, KOLMOGOROV HYPOTHESES 307 APPENDIXA4 WIND DIRECTIONALITY EFFECTS, OUTCROSSING AND SECTOR-BY-SECTOR APPROACHES 311 A4.1 Approach Based on the Outcrossing of the Limit-State Boundary / 311 A4.2 The Sector-By-Sector Approach [18-10] / 313 APPENDIXA5 REPORT ON ESTIMATION OF WIND EFFECTS ON THE WORLD TRADE CENTER TOWERS 315 REFERENCES 323 INDEX 333
About the Author :
Emil Simiu, PE, PhD , is a NIST Fellow and a Fellow at the American Society of Civil Engineers. He served as chairman of its Committee on Wind Effects, Committee on Dynamic Effects, and Committee on the Reliability of Offshore Structures; as senior structural engineer with Severud Associates and Ammann & Whitney, Inc.; and as distinguished research professor at Florida International University's International Hurricane Research Center. Also a distinguished member of the ASCE Standard Committee on Loads, he was a recipient of the Federal Engineer of the Year award from the National Society of Professional Engineers, and of the 2006 Japan Association for Wind Engineering Prize, given to the outstanding wind engineering publication of the year, for the first edition of Design of Buildings and Bridges for Wind . In addition, Dr. Simiu is the coauthor of Wind Effects on Structures, Third Edition (Wiley).
