Big Crisis Data: Social Media in Disasters and Time-Critical Situations

Social media is an invaluable source of time-critical information during a crisis. However, emergency response and humanitarian relief organizations that would like to use this information struggle with an avalanche of social media messages that exceeds the human capacity to process. Emergency managers, decision makers, and affected communities can make sense of social media through a combination of machine computation and human compassion - expressed by thousands of digital volunteers who publish, process, and summarize potentially life-saving information. This book brings together computational methods from many disciplines: natural language processing, semantic technologies, data mining, machine learning, network analysis, human-computer interaction, and information visualization, focusing on methods that are commonly used for processing social media messages under time-critical constraints, and offering more than 500 references to in-depth information.

Table of Contents:
1. Introduction; 2. Volume: data acquisition, storage, and retrieval; 3. Vagueness: natural language and semantics; 4. Variety: classification and clustering; 5. Virality: networks and information propagation; 6. Velocity: online methods and data streams; 7. Volunteers: humanitarian crowdsourcing; 8. Veracity: misinformation and credibility; 9. Validity: biases and pitfalls of social media data; 10. Visualization: crisis maps and beyond; 11. Values: privacy and ethics; 12. Conclusions and outlook.

About the Author :
Carlos Castillo is a researcher in social computing. He is a web miner with a background in information retrieval, and has been influential in the areas of web content quality and credibility. He has co-authored more than seventy publications in top-tier international conferences and journals, a monograph on adversarial web search, and a book on information and influence propagation.

Review :
'Castillo has provided an accessible path through a wide and sometimes unwieldy literature on crisis informatics. This book has an important and timely focus on big data issues, which both challenge and enlighten our understanding of human behavior in disaster events.' Leysia Palen, Professor of Computer Science, and Professor and Founding Chair of the Department of Information Science, University of Colorado, Boulder 'Gaining situational awareness in a disaster is critical and time sensitive in nature. Social media presents the possibilities of a new and exciting data source to help improve response in the early hours and days of a crisis. Castillo has not only researched, but also contributed to building technologies that help both to make sense of social media and to integrate it into existing information flows and decision-making processes. This book helps walk the reader through the state of the art in several aspects of the big crisis data field, including many elements that are important for these technologies to have real-world impact.' Andrej Verity, Co-Founder, Digital Humanitarian Network, and Information Management Officer, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 'Social media has played an indispensable role during all of the recent disasters and crises. If you are a researcher looking for ways to make sense of the data that inundates us during such events or a practitioner struggling to make such data actionable, this book needs to be your first source. Castillo has masterfully synthesized a large number of techniques and capabilities in a unified framework to cover this already broad field for the reader.' Amit Sheth, Executive Director of Kno.e.sis, Wright State University, Ohio