Physiological Variation and its Genetic Basis

Originally published in 1977, Physiological Variation and its Genetic Basis. The editor of this volume, and organizer of the symposium on which it is based, was well aware that the enterprise represented an excursion into difficult, and at the time, largely unknown and even dangerous territory. Nevertheless, so fundamental are physiological responses and attributes for the efficient and adaptive functioning of the human organism that the need to understand the causes, sources and limits of their variation, both temporal and populational, pressed heavily on the human biologist. None of the contributors to this topic was so naïve as to assert dogmatically that for the polygenic systems that were believed to underly the majority, if not all, physiological characteristics, the observed variance could be separated into fixed genetic and non-genetic components. As the papers show, it is the essence of these characters that they were highly responsive to environmental change, in both the short and long term. The variable intensity of expression of these characters would of necessity be reflected in a changing relationship between acquired and in-born factors in determining differences in response between individuals within a group subject to a range of environmental exposure. This, in fact, constituted the central problem in the analysis of physiological variability and is the major theme running through this volume. Today it can be read in its historical context.

Introduction. 1. The Genetic Analysis of Continuous Variation in Man J. B. Gibson 2. The Analysis of General Inheritance J. H. Edwards 3. Methods and Problems in Physiological Genetics D. F. Roberts 4. Twin Studies on Functional Capacity V. Klissouras 5. Ultrastructure and Biochemical Function of Skeletal Muscle in Twins H. Howald 6. Chemical Control of Breathing in Identical Twin Athletes A. G. Leitch 7. Determinants of Respiratory Function in Boy and Girl Twins J. E. Cotes, G. Heywood and K. M. Laurence 8. The Interaction of Genetic and Environmental Factors in Determining Resemblance of Arterial Pressure in Close Relatives W. E. Miall 9. Handedness and the Cerebral Representation of Speech M. Annett 10. Ethnic Studies on Sweat Gland Counts A. S. Knip 11. Variation in Sweating J. S. Weiner 12. A Multinational Andean Genetic and Health Programme: A Study of Adaptation to the Hypoxia of Altitude W. J. Schull and F. Rothhammer. Author Index. Subject Index.

J. S. (Joseph Sidney) Weiner (1915–1982) was a South African-born British human biologist and environmental physiologist. He helped expose the Piltdown hoax. Weiner maintained an abiding interest in heat adaptation in humans from his MSc research on South African miners in the 1930s and was still publishing on the subject the year before he died. Weiner played a critically important part as convenor of the human adaptability section in the International Biological Programme. He was President of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 1963–64. He was active in the affairs of the Ergonomics Research Society, the Physiological Society of Great Britain, and the Scientific Committee for Problems of the Environment, and was founder of the Society for the Study of Human Biology.