Durée as Einstein-in-the-Heart: Mary Butts and Virginia Woolf(Routledge Studies in Twentieth-Century Literature)

Durée as Einstein-in-the-Heart traces the trajectory of modernist interaction with Bergson and Einstein through the works of Virginia Woolf (1882–1941) and Mary Butts (1890–1937). It presents an overview of critical approaches that focus on time in Woolf’s novels, and that foreground Bergson in their analyses of Woolf. It then examines how Woolf’s formal experimentation, and theorisation of time, in Jacob’s Room (1922) and Mrs Dalloway (1925) relates to Bergson’s temporal theories. This is followed by a discussion on the role Bergson’s thinking played in the early formulation of Butts’s ideas of time, and an analysis of how Bergson’s ideas emerge in the short story ‘Angele au Couvent’ (1923), concluding by highlighting points of contrast in the engagements of Woolf and Butts. The book then documents the growth of Butts’s interest in Einstein’s ideas and shows how she amalgamates these with Bergson’s thinking in her journals and in the most intense of her fictional engagement with Einstein’s ideas, the novel Death of Felicity Taverner (1932). It discusses Butts’s responses to the popular science genre and examines the important role played by J. W. N. Sullivan and Arthur Eddington in the development of her understanding, and interpretation, of physics. It concludes with a discussion of Butts’s antisemitic characterisation of Kralin, as purveyor of corrupted science, in contrast with the Taverners, who are conscious of durée and delight in the abstractions of scientific truth.

PART I: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND AND KEY CONCEPTS

Bergson’s Philosophy of Durée

Durée and Clock Time

Einstein’s Theories of Relativity

Methodology: Reading Across Scientific and Literary Texts

PART II: BERGSON

DURATIONAL NARRATIVE, BERGSON’S EPISTEMOLOGY OF SELF AND WOOLF’S THEORISATION OF TIME

Woolf’s Exposure to Bergson’s Ideas

The Voyage Out (1915) and Night and Day (1919)

Jacob’s Room (1922)

DURÉE IN MARY BUTTS’S ‘ANGELE AU COUVENT’ (1923)

Mary Butts: Storm Goddess

Butts’s Journal References to Bergson

‘Angele au Couvent’ (1923)

CLOCK TIME AND MODERNIST PARALYSIS

Mrs Dalloway (1925)

Comparing Woolf and Butts

PART III: EINSTEIN

MARY BUTTS AND POPULAR SCIENCE

MARY BUTTS AND J.W.N. SULLIVAN

FROM BERGSON TO EINSTEIN

THE NATURE OF SPACE IN DEATH OF FELICITY TAVERNER (1932)

ARTHUR EDDINGTON AND SPACE-TIME

SCIENTIFIC PORNOGRAPHY

PART IV: CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PRIMARY

SECONDARY

Candice Lee Kent is an independent scholar with a PhD in English from the University of Cambridge. Candice is also the author of a book chapter entitled ‘Science in the Writings of Virginia Woolf and Mary Butts’ in Restoring the Mystery of the Rainbow: Literature’s Reflection of Science (Rodopi: Amsterdam, 2011).