Artificial Intelligence and Business Management
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Artificial Intelligence and Business Management

Artificial Intelligence and Business Management


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About the Book

After introducing the concept of artificial intelligence (AI), the authors of this text discuss the scope and limitations of AI technology in the various subfields that are expected to be relevant to business management systems - natural language processing, voice processing, image processing, and intelligent robots. The authors survey each subfield in some detail, not because they expect business managers to absorb all the technical details but because a proper appreciation of the potential of AI technology must be founded on the technicalities of the discipline. Therefore, substantial detail and follow-up references are provided for the reader to explore to whatever depth seems most appropriate. The authors also take a close look at expert systems technology as this subfield of AI has a reasonable claim to be the major commercialization of AI technology to date. They discuss the scope and limitations of this particular technology, and present its advantages and disadvantages with respect to applications in business. Having surveyed the technical possibilities, the authors present the resources for AI that are available: technical resources, both software and hardware, and human resources. In the final part of the book they examine the likely impacts of AI technology from the management perspective.

Table of Contents:
Preface PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 Artificial Intelligence: What Is It?  Is There a Definition of AI?  Can Computers Think?  Can Computers Learn?  The Samuel Phenomenon  Humans Versus Computers  Goals of AI  Subdisciplines of AI  Summary  Review and Discussion Questions  Selected Annotated Bibliography  2 Problem Solving and AI  The Nature of AI Problems  Types of Problem Solving  The Heuristic Programming Approach  Decision Trees  Decision Tables and Production Rules  Advantages of Decision Tables  AI in Problem Solving  Pattern Recognition  Language Procesing Voice P1·ocessing Image Processing Expert Systems Summary Review and Discussion Questions Selected Annotated Bibliography PART II: APPLICATIONS OF AI 3 Natural-Language Processing Natural Languages What Mode of Natural Language The Goals of NP Natural Language: The Essential Ingredients Generation and Analysis Text Understanding Systems Syntax, Grammars, and Parsing Grammars Transformational Grammars Transition Networks, Augmented and Recursive Unification and the New Grammatism Semantic Definite Clause Grammars (SDCG) Semantics The Case of the Missing-Blocks World Shrdlu and a "Sorry" Story Semantic Processing without Parsing? Scripted NLU and Its Dependencies The Conceptual Dependency Notation Giving Semantics Preferential Treatment Text Generation Systems Empirical Guidance for NLG Machine Translation Natural Language for Programming Communicating Without Programming Terminal-Interactive Languages Query Languages Fourth-Generation Languages Commercial Products Natural Language Interfaces (NLI) Applications in Business Review and Discussion Questions Selected Annotated Bibliography   TABLE OF CONTENTS  4 Voice Processing  The Elements of Speech  Pattern Recognition  Speech Understanding  Speech Generation  Commercial Products  Applications in Business  Summary  Review and Discussion Questions Selected Annotated Bibliography  5 Image Processing  The Basic Image Data  Image Processing as Pattern Recognition  Scene Understanding  Optical Character Recognition  OCR: The Input Data Images as Graphic Input  Images as Graphic Output  Applications in Industry Summary Review and Discussion Questions  Selected Annotated Bibliography  6 Intelligent Robots  Applications of Robots  Why Robots?  Classification of Robots  Intelligent Robots  Components of an Intelligent Robot  Sensors and Sensing  Future Robots  Control  Social Implications of Intelligent Robots  Summary  Review and Discussion Questions  Selected Annotated Bibliography  PART III: EXPERT SYSTEMS 7 Introduction and Overview  What is an Expert System?  Components of an Expert System  The MYCIN Example Types of Expert Systems Characteristics of Expert Systems The Knowledge Base The Inference Engine Summary Review and Discussion Questions Selected Annotated Bibliography 8 Development of an Expert System Experts as Sources of Knowledge Development Interface User Interface Development of an Expert System Design Implementation Testing Summary Review and Discussion Questions Selected Annotated Bibliography 9 Knowledge Engineering Tools and Expert Systems Summary  Shells ES Programming Languages OPS5 and the Production-System Architecture Shells and Expert Systems MYCIN and EMYCIN Modes and Applications of Expert Systems Advantages and Limitations of Expert Systems Expert Systems versus Traditional Systems Summary Review and Discussion Questions Selected Annotated Bibliography 10 Programming for AI The Role of Representations in Problem Solving How Languages Affect Solutions Overcoming the Limitations of Languages Symbolic Programming LISP Flexibility The Magic of Recursion Code-Data Equivalence The Special Assignment PROLOG  The Independence of Declaration  Loss of Control: Good or Bad?  Extra Logical Pollutants  Negation as Failure  Verify or Compute Bi directionality Pattern Matching The Promises of PROLOG Parallelism  A Specification Language Heuristic Controls  Object-Oriented Programming  Programming Environments  LISP Environments  Loops  POPLOG  Summary  Selected Annotated Bibliography  11 Technology  Processors  LISP Machines  Super Computers Parallel Processing  Intelligent Workstations  Intelligent PCs  Intelligent Databases Automated Programming  Computers That Learn  Summary Review and Discussion Questions  Selected Annotated Bibliography  12 People  Knowledge Engineers  AI-Related Personnel  AI Personnel  Are AI and Computer Personnel Different?  Organizational Alternatives  Training and Education of People  Computer Literacy  Summary  Review and Discussion Questions  Selected Annotated Bibliography PART IV: IMPLICATIONS OF AI 13 Impact on Decision Making  AI and ES in a DSS  ES and DSS  Strategies for AI in a DSS  As Separate Entities  An ES as a Separate Entity  Integration  Changes in Decision-Making Style  Summary  Review and Discussion Questions  Selected Annotated Bibliography  14 Micro Impact on Organizations  Levels of Organizations Affected  Knowledge Worker  Management of Knowledge-Based Organization  Role, Relevance, and Impact of Knowledge-Based Organization  Impact of an Intelligent Computer  Summary  Review and Discussion Questions  Selected Annotated Bibliography  15 Macro Impact on Society Impact on Income  Impact on Unemployment  A Leisure Society?  Work in an Information Age?  New Values in the Workplace  The Computer's Image and the Human's Viewpoint  The Impacts of Intelligent Computers  The Threats of Artificial Intelligence  Paradise Regained?  The Customization of Mass Production  Man's Reflection in the Computational Metaphor  Directions of AI  The Weizenbaum Debate  The Dreyfus Case  The Winograd and Flores Debate  The Future and the Fifth Generation  Review and Discussion Questions  Selected Annotated Bibliography  AUTHOR INDEX  SUBJECT INDEX


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780893917968
  • Publisher: Intellect
  • Publisher Imprint: Intellect Books
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: Y
  • ISBN-10: 0893917966
  • Publisher Date: 01 May 1992
  • Binding: Hardback
  • No of Pages: 200


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