Textile-led Design for the Active Ageing Population: (Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles)

Despite the world’s aging population, suitable clothing for the older community is a largely neglected area. This book considers the needs of the growing number of active older people and investigates how recent developments in textiles, fibres, finishes, design and integrated technology can be deployed to serve this group and improve quality of life. Part I provides an understanding of the active aging population by considering the group’s experiences of and attitudes towards clothing and reviewing the barriers to their adoption of new wearable technologies. Part II focuses on the needs of the older population, including effective communication with designers and the age-related anatomical and physiological changes that designs should consider. Part III reviews design requirements and processes, and finally Part IV reviews the manufacture of suitable apparel, with chapters on suitable textile fibres, balancing technology and aesthetics and wearable electronics.

Table of Contents:
The Textile Institute and Woodhead Publishing List of contributors Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles Part One. Understanding the active ageing population 1. Technological culture and the active ageing: a lifetime of technological advances 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Learning and teaching 1.3. Photography, audiovisual technologies, and e-learning 1.4. Implications for the active ageing 1.5. Conclusions 1.6. Sources of further information and advice 2. Clothing, identity, embodiment and age 2.1. Introduction: clothing, social identity and age 2.2. Age ordering 2.3. Age-related clothing 2.4. The changing cultural location of older people 2.5. Baby boomers 2.6. Casual dress 2.7. Adjusting the cut 2.8. Conclusion 3. Attitudes to apparel amongst the baby boomer generation 3.1. Introduction 3.2. The baby boomers and the growth of marketing 3.3. Baby boomers and their interaction with apparel and textiles 3.4. Market implications 3.5. Current lifestyle trends for the baby boomers and product needs for the future 3.6. Conclusion 4. The importance of colour in textiles and clothing for an ageing population 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Attitudes towards colour amongst the active ageing 4.3. The colour selection process for clothing 4.4. Colour forecasting 4.5. Classic and changing colours 4.6. How the colour selection process starts: designers and inspiration 4.7. Sharing information: the case of the British Textile Colour Group 4.8. How colour palettes are used 4.9. From colour palette to product 4.10. Conclusion 5. The adoption and nonadoption of new technologies by the active ageing 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Technological use by the active ageing 5.3. Internet access in care and nursing homes 5.4. Internet access, leisure activities, and the active ageing 5.5. How do the active ageing adopt new technologies? 5.6. Wearable technology and the active ageing 5.7. Tablet technologies and the active ageing 5.8. Social media, communities, and the active ageing 5.9. Conclusions 5.10. Sources of further information and advice Part Two. Understanding and researching apparel needs amongst the active ageing population 6. Qualitative and quantitative methods applied in active ageing 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Meaning and interpretation 6.3. Knowledge acquisition 6.4. Qualitative research methodologies 6.5. Survey techniques 6.6. Direct contact information-gathering techniques 6.7. Qualitative analysis techniques 6.8. Quantitative survey development 6.9. Research ethics 6.10. Qualitative research aspects of co-design 6.11. Future trends 7. Effective communication in product development of smart wearable clothing for the active ageing population 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Communication complexities in product design 7.3. Understanding the terminology of different disciplines in product design 7.4. Terms with different meanings between specialisms 7.5. Visual approaches to developing a common understanding 7.6. Bringing different disciplines together in co-design 7.7. Using visual communication to help develop a common language in the Design for Ageing Well (DfAW) project 7.8. Case study: communication between disciplines 7.9. Case study: communication with textile industry designers and manufacturers 7.10. Case study: communication with retail 7.11. Case study: communication with wearers 7.12. Conclusion 8. Anatomical and physiological changes with age: implications for apparel design 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Anatomical and morphological changes 8.3. Physiological changes 8.4. Factors affecting wearability and unwearability 8.5. Conclusions 9. Thermoregulation and clothing comfort 9.1. Introduction: what is clothing comfort? 9.2. Homeostasis and thermoregulation: maintaining a constant body temperature 9.3. Human thermoregulatory system 9.4. Thermoregulatory responses 9.5. Factors affecting thermoregulation 9.6. Clothing and thermoregulation: clothing as a barrier between the body and the environment 9.7. Moisture management 9.8. Thermoregulation and the traditional outdoor layering system: discussion 10. Ageing populations: 3D scanning for apparel size and shape 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Population 10.3. Active ageing 10.4. Design for all ages 10.5. Anthropometrics 10.6. Case studies drawing on the sizeUK national sizing survey 10.7. Future trends Part Three. Apparel design requirements for the active ageing population 11. The role of wearable electronics in meeting the needs of the active ageing population 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Current applications and end-users 11.3. Communication and entertainment 11.4. Comfort and safety in the outdoors 11.5. Fitness monitoring, sports performance and health care 11.6. Apparel heating systems 11.7. Commercial challenges of wearable electronics for active ageing 11.8. Implementation considerations 11.9. Conclusion 12. Overview of the design requirements of the active ageing 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Defining smart clothes and wearable technology 12.3. An introduction to the clothing layering system 12.4. The identification of user needs: design fit for purpose 12.5. Co-design approach to smart clothing development 12.6. The way forward 13. Co-design principles and practice: working with the active ageing 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Capturing user experiences: clothing and technology 13.3. Explaining the attributes of the ‘layering system’ to older users 13.4. Segmenting types of walking 13.5. Creating personas to guide the design process 13.6. Creating a range plan to cater for different walking requirements 13.7. Future trends 13.8. Conclusion 14. Public involvement in garment design research 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Background to public involvement in design research 14.3. Planning for public involvement 14.4. Designing research studies 14.5. Conducting the research 14.6. Beyond the study 14.7. Additional processes 14.8. Conclusion 15. The co-design process for apparel for the active ageing population: the participant experience 15.1. Introduction 15.2. The New Dynamics of Ageing (NDA) programme and the Older People’s Reference Group (OPRG) 15.3. Engaging in the Design for Ageing Well project 15.4. Training of volunteers in user engagement 15.5. Getting to know terminology in the clothing for active ageing sector 15.6. Getting to know the textile industry: the International Sporting Goods Trade Fair 2010 (ISPO 2010) 15.7. Getting to know the textile retail sector 15.8. Getting volunteer participants 15.9. The co-design process and outcomes 15.10. Conclusions 16. Key choices in developing sustainable apparel for the active ageing population 16.1. Introduction 16.2. Ageing market 16.3. Understanding of sustainability 16.4. Achieving sustainability through considered design 16.5. Conclusion 17. Issues and techniques in the inclusive design of apparel for the active ageing population 17.1. Background 17.2. Mechanisms of engagement 17.3. Inclusive design: origins, definitions, and the limits of terminology 17.4. Immersive workshops 17.5. User forums and interviews 17.6. Making the case for inclusive design 17.7. Conclusion Part Four. From design to apparel for the active ageing population 18. From co-design to design specifications and manufacture of apparel for the active ageing population 18.1. Introduction 18.2. Design brief to point of sale (POS), the current process 18.3. Growing awareness of the ageing market 18.4. Co-design – listen, learn, develop, repeat, refine and repeat 18.5. Co-design – industry involvement 18.6. Getting to store 18.7. Conclusion 19. What textile fibres are applicable for the layering system for the active ageing? 19.1. Introduction 19.2. Natural fibres 19.3. Synthetic fibres 19.4. Synthetic cellulosics 19.5. Biofibres 19.6. Textiles and fibres for health and well-being 19.7. Smart, sensory and adaptive materials 19.8. Interactive technologies 19.9. Environmental and sustainability concerns 19.10. Conclusion 19.11. Future trends 20. Designing base layers for apparel for the active ageing population: balancing technology and aesthetics 20.1. Introduction 20.2. Defining technologies 20.3. The roles of body and base layers in a clothing system 20.4. Designing for the older body shape 20.5. Technical and aesthetic design considerations and processes 20.6. Manufacturing considerations: materials, methods and costs 20.7. Conclusion 20.8. Future trends 21. Co-design development: design direction for the clothing layering system as a wearable technology platform 21.1. Introduction 21.2. Creating a hierarchy of emerging key design requirements 21.3. Sorting and elaborating the design requirements: form 21.4. Co-design prototype design development process 21.5. Technical 3D development 21.6. Final prototype development 21.7. The way forward: design direction to help bring product to market 22. Developing a strategy for the effective specification of functional clothing with integrated wearable technology 22.1. Introduction 22.2. Co-design team 22.3. Co-design development process: liaison with end-users 22.4. Liaison with technology developers 22.5. Liaison with garment developers 22.6. Design communication 22.7. Example: hybrid design specification 22.8. Challenges in the global clothing supply chain 22.9. Conclusion: more sustainable garment development 22.10. Future trends 23. Developing footwear for the active ageing population 23.1. Introduction 23.2. Footwear requirements for older people 23.3. Meeting individual footwear requirements 23.4. Researching walking footwear for older people 23.5. Discussion: key requirements for walking shoes for older people 23.6. Conclusion 24. Design for ageing: a focus on China 24.1. Introduction 24.2. Background to clothing design in China 24.3. Introducing Design for Ageing Well in China 24.4. Case study: student project 24.5. Design direction: merging key findings 24.6. Way forward 25. Experiences in the design, iterative development and evaluation of a technology-enabled garment for active ageing walkers 25.1. Introduction 25.2. Background 25.3. Examples of research projects in health care monitoring 25.4. Research methodology 25.5. Prototype iterative developments and evaluations 25.6. Discussion 25.7. Conclusions Index

About the Author :
Since establishing a unique Masters programme in Performance Sportswear Design (University of Derby, 1995-2003) and then leading research in Smart Clothes and Wearable Technology (University of Wales, Newport, 2004-2012), Jane’s practice has continued to be focused on co-design methodology, bringing together representatives from academia and industry, along with end-users, where a new ‘shared language’ is required to break down barriers between disparate disciplines. She was the recipient of the ‘Sir Misha Black Award for Innovation in Design Education’ (2003), presented at the Royal College of Art, and awarded her Professorship from the University of Wales, Newport (2012). Her cross-disciplinary approach led to Erasmus exchanges, Leonardo projects, publication and continuing academic engagement in China. Both during her time in academia, and since working as an independent design and research consultant, back in Northern Ireland (from 2014 onwards), the need for more responsible, sustainable, and user-friendly product development has escalated in relation to her on-going areas of interest in the design of functional clothing as well as in Natural Fibre Composites design applications. David Bryson is a Senior Lecturer in the Human Sciences Research Centre at the University of Derby, UK. His research interests include the use of scientific photography and multimedia to support learning teaching and assessment in applied science, anatomy and osteology.