Composites Forming Technologies

Composites are versatile engineered materials composed of two or more constituent materials which, when combined, lead to improved properties over the individual components while remaining separate on a macroscopic level. Due to their versatility, composite materials are used in a variety of areas ranging from healthcare and civil engineering to spacecraft technology. Composites Forming Technologies reviews the wealth of research in forming high-quality composite materials. The book begins with a concise explanation of the forming mechanisms and characterization for composites, as well as covering modeling and analysis of forming techniques. Further chapters discuss the testing and simulation of composite materials forming. The book also considers forming technologies for various composite material forms including thermoset and thermoplastic prepreg, molding compounds, and composite/metal laminates. With its distinguished editor and array of international contributors, Composites Forming Technologies is an essential reference for engineers, researchers and academics involved with the production and use of composite materials.

Table of Contents:
COMPOSITE FORMING MECHANISMS AND MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION; A C Long and M J Clifford, University of Nottingham, UK Introduction. Intra-ply shear. Axial loading. Ply/tool and ply/ply friction. Ply bending. Compaction/consolidation. Discussion. References. CONSTITUTIVE MODELING FOR COMPOSITE-FORMING; R Akkerman and E A D Lamers, University of Twente, The Netherlands Review on constitutive modeling for composites forming. Continuum based laminate modeling. Multilayer effects. Parameter characterisation. Future trends. References. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE-FORMING; P Boisse, INSA de Lyon Bâtiment Jacquard, France Introduction: finite element analyses of composite forming, why and where? The multiscale nature of composite materials and different approaches for composite forming simulations. The continuous approach for composite forming process analysis. Discrete of mesoscopic approach. Semi-discrete approach. Multi-ply forming and re-consolidation simulations. Conclusions. References. VIRTUAL TESTING FOR MATERIAL FORMABILITY; S V Lomov, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Introduction. Mechanical model of the internal geometry of the relaxed state of a woven fabric. Model of compression of woven fabric. Model of uniaxial and biaxial tension of woven fabric. Model of shear of woven fabric. Parametric description of fabric behaviour under simultaneous shear and tension. Conclusions: creating input data for forming simulations. References. OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITES FORMING; W R Yu, Seoul National University, Korea Introduction. General aspects of optimisation. Optimisation of composite forming. Conclusions. References. SIMULATION OF COMPRESSION MOLDING TO FORM COMPOSITES; E Schmachtenberg, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany and K Skrolides, Institut für Kunststfoffverarbeitung, Germany Introduction. Theoretical description of the simulation. Examples of use if the simulation. Measurement of the material data. References. UNDERSTANDING COMPOSITE DISTORTION DURING PROCESSING; M R Wisnom and K D Potte, University of Bristol, UK Introduction. Fundamental mechanisms causing residual stresses and distortion. Distortion in flat parts. Spring-in of curved parts. Distortion in more complex parts. Conclusions. References. FORMING TECHNOLOGY FOR COMPOSITE/METAL HYBRIDS; J Sinke, Luchtvaart & Ruimtevaarttechn, The Netherlands Introduction. Development of composite/metal hybrids. Properties of fibre metal laminates. Production processes for fibre metal laminates. Modeling of FML. Conclusions. References. FORMING OF SELF-REINFORCED POLYMER MATERIALS; I M Ward and P J Hine, University of Leeds, UK and D E Riley, Propex Fabrics, Germany Introduction. The hot compaction process. Commercial exploitation. Postforming studies. Key examples of commercial products. Future developments. Acknowledgements. References. FORMING TECHNOLOGY FOR THERMOSET COMPOSITES; R Paton, Cooperative Research Centre for Advanced Composite Structures, Australia Introduction. Practicalities of forming thermoset prepeg stacks. Deformation mechanisms in woven fabric prepeg. Tape prepeg. Forming processes. Tooling equipment. Diaphagm forming tooling. Potential problems Process capabilities. Future trends. References. FORMING TECHNOLOGY FOR THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES; R Books, University of Nottingham, UK Introduction. Thermoplastic composite materials (TPCs) for forming. Basic principles pf TCP forming technologies. Forming methods. Some recent developments. Conclusions. References. THE USE OF DRAPING SIMULATION IN COMPOSITE DESIGN; J W Klintworth, MSC Software Ltd and A Long, University of Nottingham, UK Introduction. Zone and ply descriptions. Composites development process. Composites data exchange. Draping and forming simulation. Linking forming simulation to a component design analysis. Conclusions. References. BENCHMARKING OF COMPOSITE FORMING MODELING TECHNIQUES; J L Gorczyca-Cole and J Chen, University of Massachusetts Lowell and J Cao, Northwestern University, USA Abstract. Introduction. Forming process and fabric properties. Experimental. Numerical analyses. Conclusions and future trends. Acknowledgements. References.

About the Author :
University of Nottingham, UK