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An Introduction to Forensic DNA Analysis, Second Edition

An Introduction to Forensic DNA Analysis, Second Edition


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About the Book

DNA analysis has its roots in classical genetics, biochemistry, and molecular biology; however, it has recently found itself in an unlikely arena: a court of law. How can judges, juries, and others with little or no scientific training hope to comprehend the specifics of the highly technical fields of molecular biology and genetics? Introduction to Forensic DNA Analysis translates these concepts into plain English so that laypeople can gain insight into how DNA analysis works, from sample collection to interpretation of results.

This book emphasizes the advantages and limitations of various DNA techniques used in the analysis of forensic evidence. The authors discuss forensic DNA issues from both a scientific and a legal perspective, and they present the material in a manner understandable by professionals in the legal system, forensic science, and law enforcement. Coverage includes:

  • Key terminology used in the field
  • The scientific basis of DNA typing
  • Statistical interpretations of DNA typing
  • A summary of court decisions and admissibility standards


  • Table of Contents:
    TABLE OF CASE HISTORIES (SIDEBARS)
    To Catch a Cougar
    The Bungled Burglary (Or, the Burglar that Couldn't)
    Quintanilla
    The Czar's Bones (Or, What Difference a Base Pair?)
    A Case of Victim's Evidence (Or, One Bled and the Other Pled)
    Minisatellite Variable Repeat Analysis (MVR)
    The Simpson Saga
    The Case of the Disappearing Sperm (Or, Whose Type is it Anyway?)
    The Botanical Witness (Or, What the Seed Pod Saw)
    A Cold Hit in Minnesota (Or, the Database in Winter)
    The First RFLP Case (State of Florida v. Tommy Lee Andrews)
    INTRODUCTION
    THE NATURE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
    Science and the Law
    From Identification to Individualization
    Fingerprints and DNA
    Conventional Blood Typing
    THE COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
    Contamination
    Collection of Evidence
    Preservation of Evidence
    Evaluation of Evidence
    RFLP
    PCR

    A SHORT HISTORY OF DNA TYPING

    THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF DNA TYPING
    Why DNA?
    An Introduction to Human Genetics
    The Physical Basis of Heredity
    Alleles - Variations on a Theme
    Population Genetics
    An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of DNA
    Two Kinds of Variation
    Enzymes, the Workhorses of the Biological World
    AN OVERVIEW OF FORENSIC DNA TYPING SYSTEMS
    RFLP Analysis
    PCR Amplification
    HLA DQa/HLA DQA1
    AmpliType® PM - "Polymarker"
    D1S80
    Gender ID
    Mitochondrial DNA
    What Kinds of Samples Can Be Analyzed?
    How Much Sample Do You Need?
    PROCEDURES FOR FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS
    Isolation of DNA
    Chelex Extraction
    Organic Extraction
    Differential Extraction
    Determining Quality and Quantity of DNA
    RFLP Analysis
    PCR Amplification
    Analysis of PCR Product
    Sequence of Polymorphisms
    Length Polymorphisms (D1S80, STRs, Gender ID)
    Automated Analysis Systems
    SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS
    Determination of Similarity
    Evaluation of Results
    Frequency Estimate Calculations
    Population Substructure
    INTERPRETATION OF DNA TYPING RESULTS
    Complicating Factors
    System Specific Interpretational Issues
    DNA AND THE DATABASE
    QUALITY CONTROL AND REGULATION
    Certification and Accreditation
    TWGDAM
    NRC I and II
    NRC I
    NRC II
    Federal DNA Advisory Committee
    ADMISSIBILITY STANDARDS - SCIENCE ON TRIAL IN THE COURTROOM
    The Frye Standard and the Federal Rules of Evidence
    RFLP
    PCR
    The State of the Debate
    EPILOGUE - MOVING INTO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM
    GLOSSARY
    APPENDICES
    DNA - Some Key Phrases
    Slot Blot
    Yield Gel
    Digest Gel
    Product Gel
    Chromosomal Location of Some Forensic Loci
    Sample Frequency Calculation
    Guidelines for a Quality Assurance Program for DNA Analysis
    NRC I and NRC II Recommendations
    State Statutes and Legislation Regarding the Admissibility of DNA Evidence
    Statutes and Legislation Regarding Mandatory Submission of Blood Samples for DNA Identification
    Summary of DNA Decisions
    Reported Court Decisions on Forensic DNA Evidence
    Amicus Brief Presented to the Supreme Court of the State of California by the California Association of Criminalists
    Forensic Science Internet Resources
    INDEX


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    Product Details
    • ISBN-13: 9780849381171
    • Publisher: Taylor & Francis Inc
    • Publisher Imprint: CRC Press Inc
    • Height: 254 mm
    • No of Pages: 272
    • Returnable: N
    • Width: 178 mm
    • ISBN-10: 0849381177
    • Publisher Date: 07 Feb 1997
    • Binding: Hardback
    • Language: English
    • No of Pages: 272
    • Weight: 590 gr


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