The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering, Second Edition

A complete treatment of the theory and practice of groundwater engineering, The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering, Second Edition provides a current and detailed review of how to model the flow of water and the transport of contaminants both in the unsaturated and saturated zones, covers the production of groundwater and the remediation of contaminated groundwater.

Table of Contents:
New! History of Groundwater Hydrology, J.J. de Vries Introduction Water Management and Water Science Before the 19th Century Developments in Subsurface Hydrology Main Trends Since the Early 1980s References Geological Occurrence of Groundwater, D.I. Leap Introduction Importance of Groundwater Earth Materials Important Hydraulic Properties of Earth Materials and Groundwater, with Examples Water in the Unsaturated Zone Water in the Saturated Zone Protection of Groundwater Supplies Groundwater and Modern Environmental Concerns Glossary References Elementary Groundwater Flow and Transport Processes, J. W. Delleur Introduction Pressure, Suction, Piezometric Head, and Hydraulic Gradient The Motion of Groundwater Flow Through Porous Media—Darcy’s Law One-Dimensional Hydraulics One-Dimensional Flow Through Porous Media — Leaky Aquifers Dupuit–Forchheimer Assumptions Velocity Potential, Force Potential, and Flow Nets Laplace’s Equation Land Subsidence Salt Water Interfaces Groundwater Quality Transport Mechanisms of Dissolved Contaminants Monitoring, Site Remediation, and Landfills Parameter Values Glossary References Appendix Values of the Error Function and Complementary Error Function Two-and Three-Dimensional Flow of Groundwater, F. De Smedt Fundamentals Groundwater Flow Equations Hydraulic Approach to Groundwater Flow Examples of Solutions Glossary References Groundwater and Seepage: Accounting for Variability, M. E. Harr Introduction Some Groundwater Fundamentals Some Probabilistic Fundamentals The Flow Net The Point Estimate Method (PEM) Method of Fragments Flow in Layered Systems Piping: Reliability Glossary References Soil Properties and Moisture Movement in the Unsaturated Zone, R. Haverkamp, S. Debionne, P. Viallet, R. Angulo-Jaramillo, and D. de Condappa Introduction Physical and Hydraulic Soil Properties Conceptual Aspects of Unsaturated Soil Water Flow Analytical Solutions of the Unsaturated Flow Equation Scaling Principles Conclusions and Perspectives on Future Research Glossary and Parameter Notation References REWRITTEN! Infiltration, J.W. Hopmans, J.-Y. Parlange, and S. Assouline Introduction Soil Properties and Processes of Infiltration Infiltration Equations Infiltration Measurement Methods Spatial Variability Considerations Infiltration into Sealed or Crusted Soils Summary and Conclusions References NEw! Infiltration and Run-On under Spatially Variable Hydrologic Properties, R.S. Govindaraju, N.Nahar, C.,Corradini, and R. Morbidelli Introduction Characterization of Spatial Variability Numerical Simulation Results Theoretical Results Conclusions and Recommendations Glossary References Modeling the Movement of Water and Solute Through Preferential Flow Paths and Fractures, R. Wallach, T.S. Steenhuis, J.-Y. Parlange Introduction Dual-Porosity Models for a Sharp Change at the at the Fracture-Matrix Interface A Dual-Porosity Model for Gradual Change in Matrix Structure and Concentration at the Fracture–Matrix Interface Dual-Porosity Models with a Distribution Layer at the Soil Surface Multi-Pore Group Models Symbols References Well Hydraulics and Aquifer Tests, H. Boonstra and R. Soppe Introduction Well-Flow Equations Performance of an Aquifer Test Time–Drawdown Analyses Distance–Drawdown Analyses Interpretation of Heterogeneous Aquifers Concluding Remarks Glossary References Appendix Well Design and Construction, H. Boonstra and R. Soppe Introduction Well-Field Equations Aquifer and Well Losses Step–Drawdown Tests Well Design Well Construction and Maintenance Glossary References New! Sea Water Intrusion into Coastal Aquifers, J. Bear and Q. Zhou Introduction Mathematical Modeling of Sea Water Intrusion Numerical Modeling and Computer Code Examples of Sea Water Intrusion Introduction to the Management of a Coastal Aquifer Glossary References NEw! Groundwater and Heat Flow, D.I. Leap Introduction Basic Thermodynamics Flow of Heat Sources of Heat Flow to and from Earth’s Surface Applications Glossary References Hydrogeological Characterization Using Geophysical Methods, S.S. Hubbard and Y. Rubin Introduction Common Geophysical Methods for Hydrogeologiocal Characterization Hydrogeophysical Concepts Stochastic Forward and Inverse Modeling Using Hydrogeophysical Datasets Summary Glossary References Geophysical and Tracer Characterization Methods, D.W. Hyndman Introduction Simulation/Optimization Methods for Aquifer Property Estimation Application of Geophysical Methods to Environmental Problems Ground-Penetrating Radar Cross-Well Tomography Combining Geophysical and Tracer Data Dynamic Imaging of Tracer and Contaminant Plumes Glossary References Geostatistics: Interpolation and Inverse Problems, P.K. Kitanidis Introduction Preliminaries Ordinary Kriging Variogram Kriging Variants Cokriging Generalized Linear Estimation Equations Inverse Problems Glossary References Groundwater Contaminants, E.R. Blatchley, III and J.E. Thompson Introduction Physicochemical Characteristics of Water Factors Affecting Aqueous Solubility Inorganic Constituents Organic Constituents Radionuclides Particulates Glossary References Nonreactive Contaminant Transport in the Saturated Zone, N. Kleinfelter and J.H. Cushman Introduction Hierarchical Heterogeneity Role of Multiple Scales Dispersion Eulerian and Lagrangian Perspectives Classical Deterministic Models Alternate Approaches Locally Stationary Systems Spreading vs. Dilution Experiments Glossary References REACTIVE CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN THE SATURATED ZONE: REVIEW OF SOME UPSCALING APPROACHES, J.H. Cushman and T.R. Ginn Introduction Physical, Chemical, and Microbiological Heterogeneity Scale of Observation and Constitutive Concepts Upscaling Linearity and Nonequilibrium Eulerian Stochastic Models Upscaling Microbial Dynamics Lagrangian Stochastic Models for Nonlinear Reactions Connection Between Approaches Definition of Symbols Glossary References Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport in Fractured Media, K.S. Novakowski and E.A. Sudicky Introduction Structural Geology of Fractured Rock Fundamentals of Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport in a Single Fracture Field Techniques Conceptual Models Modeling Flow and Transport in Fractures and Fracture Networks Glossary References Groundwater Flow in Karstic Aquifers, W.B. White Introduction Karst Aquifers: The Conceptual Framework Permeability and Flow Dynamics in Karst Aquifers Chemistry of Carbonate Rock Dissolution Evolution of Karst Aquifers Quantitative Hydrology of Karst Aquifers Modeling of Karst Aquifers Water Resource Issues in Karst Hydrology Land Instability and Sinkhole Development References REWRITTEN! Contaminant Transport in the Unsaturated Zone: Theory and Modeling, J. Simunek and M.Th.van Genuchten Introduction Variably Saturated Water Flow Solute Transport Analytical Models Numerical Models Concluding Remarks References Groundwater Modeling, L.F. Konikow, T.E. Reilly, P.M. Barlow, and C.I. Voss Introduction Models Flow and Transport Processes Governing Equations Numerical Methods to Solve Equations Model Design, Development, and Application Overview of Representative Generic Models MODFLOW 2000, SUTRA Case Histories Available Groundwater Software Glossary References New! Groundwater Model Validation, A.E. Hassan Introduction Practical Views of Validation The Proposed Model Validation Process Acceptance Criteria for Stochastic Model Realizations and Application to PSA Model Uncertainty Reduction Using Validation Data and Application to the Amchitka Model Summary and Conclusions Glossary References NEw! Scale Issues, K. Loague and D.L. Corwin Introduction Measurement and Interpretation Upscaling and Downscaling Examples Epilogue Glossary References New! Accounting for Aquifer Heterogeneity in Solute Transport Modeling: A Case Study from the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) Site in Columbus, Mississippi, C. Zheng Introduction Site Description Natural-Gradient Tracer Tests Modeling of the MADE-2 Tritium Tracer Test Analysis of Simulation Results Summary and Concluding Remarks Glossary References NEw! Determining Sustainable Groundwater Development, J.D. Bredehoeft Sustainability Quantitatively Maintaining a Groundwater Development Analytical Methods in Hydrogeology The Water Budget Aquifer Dynamics and Models The Dynamics of a Basin and Range Aquifer Paradise Valley Conclusions References New! The Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater, M.I. Jyrkama and J.F. Sykes Introduction Background A Case Study: Recharge Analysis of the Grand River Watershed Chapter Summary References NEW! ECOHYDROLOGY: WATER, CARBON, AND NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE SOIL-PLANT ATMOSPHERE CONTINUUM, E. Daly, G. Katul and A. Porporato Introduction Atmospheric Controls on Photosynthesis and Transpiration Soil Water Balance in the Vadose Zone Soil Moisture Deficit and Plant Water Stress Soil Nutrient Dynamics Summary and Conclusions List of Symbols Glossary References The Role of Geographical Information Systems in Groundwater Engineering, B. Engel, K.J. Lim, and K.C.S. Navulur Introduction to Geographic Information Systems GIS Components Data Representation Analysis Capabilities of GIS Web GIS Services Application of GIS to Groundwater Engineering Glossary References BIODEGRADATION, L.F. Nies and C.T. Jafvert Introduction Quantitative Description of Reactive Transport and Biodegradation Field Applications of Bioremediation Glossary References Legal Framework for Groundwater Protection in the United States, J.A. Veil, D. Elcock, N.L. Ranek and and M.G. Puder Introduction Groundwater Allocation and Management Clean Water Act (CWA) Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Other Laws Glossary Landfills, B.A. Keister, and P.C. Repetto Introduction Regulatory Considerations and Landfill Siting Site Master Plan Landfill Configuration Conceptual Design Detailed Design Liner and Cover System Materials Environmental Monitoring Performance of Landfill Elements Summary and Conclusions Glossary References EVAPOTRANSPIRATIVE COVER SYSTEMS FOR WASTE CONTAINMENT, J.G. Zornberg and J.S. McCartney Introduction Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Concepts Relevant to Evapotranspirative Cover Performance Types of Evapotransrative Covers Relevant Issues for Design of Evapotranspirative Covers Performance Monitoring of Evapotranspirative Covers Case studies Glossary References GROUNDWATER MONITORING, M.H. Houlihan and P.J. Botek Fundamentals Groundwater Monitoring Plans Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Devices Groundwater Sampling Analysis of Groundwater Samples Evaluation of Groundwater Monitoring Data Glossary References REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER, M.H. Houlihan and M.H. Bergman Fundamentals Groundwater Remediation System Design Hydraulic Containment of Groundwater Design of Groundwater Extraction Systems Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater Performance Monitoring of Groundwater Remediation Systems Glossary References GEOSYNTHETICS, M.H. Zornberg and B.R. Christopher Introduction Geosynthetic Function Geosynthetic Types Geosynthetic Applications in Landfill Design Case Histories Glossary References