TOXICOLOGIST'S POCKET HANDBOOK

This scaled-down version of the bestselling CRC Handbook of Toxicology provides the most frequently used toxicology reference information in a convenient pocket-sized format allowing quick access to vital information, especially when traveling outside the lab or office. Toxicologists and other health and safety professionals will find this book to be a valuable source of toxicological information at meetings, conferences, workshops, when auditing studies, and in many other situations where the larger handbook is not available or easily carried. The Toxicologist's Pocket Handbook contains over 150 of the most frequently used tables and figures from the larger handbook, as well as a listing of the Risk Phrases used in the European Community. An abbreviated glossary of toxicological terms is also provided.

Table of Contents:
LABORATORY ANIMALS Guiding Principles in the Use of Animals in Toxicology General Information Sources for the Care and Use of Research Animals Approximate Daily Food and Water Requirements for Various Species Typical Routes and Dosages of Several Sedative, Analgesic, and Anesthetic Agents Summary of the Characteristics of Several Euthanasia Methods Common Strains of Laboratory Mice Common Strains of Laboratory Rats ACUTE/CHRONIC TOXICOLOGY Organ Weight Requirements - Standard Study Guidelines Microscopic Pathology Requirements - Standard Study Guidelines -Tissues Most Often Recommended for Chronic Studies Common Abbreviations and Codes Used in Histopathology Frequently Used Grading Schemes for Histopathology Suggested Dose Volumes (ml/kg) for Test Material Administration Suggested Dosing Apparatus/Needle Sizes (Gauge) for Test Material Administration Body Weight: Surface Area Conversion Table Equivalent Surface Area Dosage Conversion Factors Comparison of Dosage by Weight and Surface Area Approximate Diet Conversion Factors (ppm to mg/kg) Clinical Signs of Toxicity Autonomic Signs Toxic Signs of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Effect of Decreased Body Weights on Relative Organ Weights of Rats DERMAL TOXICOLOGY Draize Dermal Irritation Scoring System Human Patch Test Dermal Irritation Scoring System Chamber Scarification Dermal Irritation Scoring System Magnusson Sensitization Scoring System Split Adjuvant Sensitization Scoring System Buehler Sensitization Scoring System Contact Photosensitization Scoring System Human Patch Test Sensitization Scoring System Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method of Calculating the Primary Irritation Index (PII) for Dermal Irritation Studies Federal Hazardous Substances Act (CPSC-FHSA) Method of Calculating the Primary Irritation Index (PII) for Dermal Irritation Studies European Economic Community's (EEC) Method of Calculating the Primary Irritation Index (PII) for Dermal Irritation Studies Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Dermal Classification System Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Standard Evaluation Procedure Dermal Classification System Federal Fungicide, Insecticide, and Rodenticide Act (EPA-FIFRA) Dermal Classification System European Economic Community (EEC) Dermal Classification System Federal Hazardous Substances Act (CPSC-FHSA) Dermal Classification System Draize Dermal Classification System Department of Transportation (DOT) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) Packing Group Classification System Maximization Sensitization Classification System Optimization Sensitization Classification System Common Materials Utilized as Positive Controls OCULAR TOXICOLOGY Scale of Weighted Scores Used for Grading the Severity of Ocular Lesions Developed by Draize et al. Grades for Ocular Lesions Classification of Compounds Based on Eye Irritation Properties NAS Classification Method Based on Severity and Persistence Modified NAS Classification Method Categorization of Substances Using the Slit Lamp Biomicroscope and Fluorescein Categorization and Labeling of Pesticides INHALATION TOXICOLOGY Body Weight and Lung Volumes in Fischer-344 Rats at Various Ages Body Weight and Lung Volumes in Adult and Older Hamsters Ventilatory Parameters in Fischer-344 Rats at Various Ages Ventilatory Parameters in Hamsters at Various Ages Morphometric Values in Sprague-Dawley Rats at Various Ages Normal Cytology of BALF Normal Biochemical Content of BALF Tracheal Mucociliary Clearance Nasal Mucociliary Clearance Ammonia Concentrations in an Inhalation Chamber Conversion Table for Gases and Vapors NEUROTOXICOLOGY Examples of Potential Endpoints of Neurotoxicity Examples of Parameters Recorded in Neurotoxicity Safety Studies Summary of Measures in the Functional Observational Battery and the Type of Data Produced by Each Examples of Organophosphorus Pesticides Producing Delayed Neuropathy IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY Cellular Elements of the Immune System Examples of the Four Types of Hypersensitivity Responses Examples of Antemortem and Postmortem Findings that May Include Potential Immunotoxicity if Treatment Related U.S. EPA Subdivision M Guidelines for Immunotoxicity Testing of Biochemical Pest Control Agents (BPCA) National Toxicology Program Panel for Detecting Immune Alterations in Rodents CARCINOGENESIS Characteristics of Initiation, Promotion, and Progression Classification of Carcinogenic Chemicals Based on Mode of Action Reported Percent Incidence of Spontaneous Tumor Formation in Various Mouse Strains Reported Percent Incidence of Spontaneous Tumor Formation in Various Rat Strains Frequency of Carcinogenic Response to Chemicals by Organ/System - Rats and Mice Capacity of Tissues to Undergo Hyperplasia Selected Examples of Presumptive Preneoplastic Lesions Comparative Features of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms Selected Taxonomy of Neoplasia REPRODUCTIVE/DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY A General Scheme of Mammalian Spermatogenesis Breeding Characteristics of Female Laboratory Mammals Compared with the Human Species Variability in Parameters Involving Spermatogenesis A General Scheme of Mammalian Oogenesis Species Variability in Parameters Involving Oogenesis Fertility and Reproductive Indices Used in Single and Multigeneration Studies Basic Developmental Toxicity Testing Protocol Developmental Stages and Timelines in the Human, Rat, and Rabbit Critical Periods of Embryogenesis in the Human, Rat, and Rabbit CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Approximate Blood Volumes in Animals Typically Used in Nonclinical Toxicology Research Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in CD© Rats Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in F-344 Rats Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in B6C3F1 Mice Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in CD-1 and BALB/c Mice Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in Beagle Dogs Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in Nonhuman Primates Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in New Zealand White Rabbits Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in CD© Rats Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in F-344 Rats Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in B6C3F1 Mice Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in CD-1 and BALB/c Mice Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in Beagle Dogs Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in Nonhuman Primates Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in New Zealand White Rabbits Quantitative Data on Blood Cells in Healthy, Mature, Adult Humans 24-Hour Mean Urinalysis Data in Adult Male Rats: Fischer-344, Sprague-Dawley, and Wistar 24-Hour Mean Urinalysis Data in Adult Female Rats: Fischer-344, Sprague-Dawley, and Wistar Comparison of Biochemical Components in Urine of Normal Experimental Animals and Humans RISK ASSESSMENT The Four Major Elements of Risk Assessment Typical Factors Considered in a Risk Assessment Major Factors that Influence a Risk Assessment Relationship Between the Degree of Uncertainty Associated with the Risk Assessment of a Chemical, the Concern for Human Exposure, and the Toxicological Information Available on the Chemical A Dose-Response Curve from a Typical Toxicology Study Showing Dose-Related Indices Commonly Used in Risk Assessment Human Data Commonly Used in Risk Assessment Epidemiological Terms The Duration of Studies in Experimental Animals and Time Equivalents in the Human Comparative Mammalian Reference Values for Relative Dose Calculations Reference Comparative Physiological Values Body Fluid Volumes for Men and Women Comparative Mammalian Organ Weights EPA Recommended Human Exposure Values for Use in Risk Assessments Constants for Estimating Surface Area of Mammals Median Total Body Surface Area (m2) for Humans by Age Relationship Between Body Weight and Body Surface Area in a Number of Vertebrates Summary of Human Inhalation Rates for Men, Women, and Children by Activity Level (m3/hour) Risk Assessment Calculations REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY Combined Tabulation of Toxicity Classes Toxicity Classifications Based on Rat Acute Oral LD50 Toxicity Classifications Based on Rabbit or Rat Acute Dermal LD50 Toxicity Classifications Based on Rat Acute Inhalation LC50 Toxicity Classifications Based on Acute Fish LC50 EPA, IARC, and EEC Classification Systems for Carcinogens Major U.S. Regulatory Agencies Having Involvement with Toxicology EPA Categories of Concern with Brief Description of Toxicological Concerns Criteria Defining "High-Exposure" Chemicals Substances Generally Recognized as Safe European Notification of a New Substance: Information and Test Data Required Data Requirements for European Notification Risk (R) Phrases Used in the European Community GENERAL INFORMATION Comparison of Physiological Parameters for Different Body Organs Comparison of Blood Flow/Perfusion and Oxygen Consumption of Liver, Lung, Intestine, and Kidney of the Rat In Vivo and in Organ Perfusion Comparison of Physiological Characteristics of Experimental Animals and Humans Comparison of Certain Physiological Values of Experimental Animals and Humans Tissue Localization of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes Metabolic Phase I and Phase II Reactions Cytochrome P450 Gene Families First-Order Process of a Xenobiotic Xenobiotic Steady State and Half-Life Greek Alphabet Prefixes and Symbols for Decimal Multiples and Submultiples Conversion of Human Hematological Values from Traditional Units into SI Units Conversion of Laboratory Values from Traditional Units into SI Units Approximate Metric and Apothecary Weight Equivalents Conversion Factors: Metric to English Conversion Factors: English to Metric Temperature Conversion Factors 180 Table of Equivalent Standard Atomic Weights Transformation of Percentages into Logits Transformation of Percentages into Probits Molarity, Molality, Normality, Osmolarity Calculations Solutions Calculations pH Calculations Mammalian Toxicology Tests: Cost and Material Requirements Genetic Toxicology Tests: Cost and Material Requirements Aquatic/Ecotoxicology Tests: Cost and Material Requirements Chemical Functional Groups GLOSSARY