Synthetic Pyrethroids: Occurrence and Behavior in Aquatic Environments(991 ACS Symposium Series)

This book examines the fate and effects of pyrethroid compounds, with an emphasis on processes leading to off-site movement, impacts on aquatic ecosystems, and approaches for risk mitigation. It contains new studies and up-to-date reviews in 20 information-packed chapters. Synthetic pyrethroids are an important class of insecticides that have found widespread use in both urban and agricultural systems. Their importance will likely increase further as the use of some organophosphate and carbamate products, e.g., diazinon and chlorpyrifos, is becoming restricted. The increased use, along with the heightened awareness of nonpoint source pollution and its impacts on surface water quality has stimulated research leading to detections of pyrethroid residues in surface aquatic systems. Consequently, research on the fate, transport and ecotoxicological effects of pyrethroids has expanded considerably over the last decade. This book describes various aspects of recent research and developments related to pyrethroid use patterns, occurrence in aquatic environments, analytical methods, fate and distribution, aquatic toxicology, chirality, and stewardship and risk mitigation. Many of the topics covered in this book are highly up to date and address emerging issues related to the widely used pyrethroid insecticides. A similar book does not exist.

Table of Contents:
Section 1. Overview and Occurrence 1: Synthetic pyrethroid use patterns, properties and environmental effects 2: Sediment toxicity in agricultural areas of California and the role of hydrophobic pesticides 3: Occurrence of pyrethroids in bed and suspended sediments in California 4: Assessment of pyrethroid contamination of streams in high-use agricultural regions of California Section 2. Analytical Methodology 5: Quantification of pyrethroid insecticides at sub-ppb levels in sediment using matrix-dispersive accelerated solvent extraction with tandem SPE cleanup 6: Analysis of pyrethroid pesticides in sediment and waters by EPA Method 8270 GC/MS narrow-range scan selected ion monitoring 7: Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods to measure bioavailable concentrations in surface waters 8: Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods to measure bioavailable concentrations in sediment Section 3. Fate and Transport Processes 9: Synthetic pyrethroids in agricultural surface waters: Exposure, effects and risk mitigation 10: Persistence and phase distribution in sediment 11: Predicted runoff loads of permethrin to the Sacramento River and its tributaries 12: Chiral selectivity in the environmental fate of pyrethroids. Section 4. Aquatic Toxicology 13: Ecological risk characterization for the synthetic pyrethroids 14: Effects of pyrethroid insecticides on aquatic organisms 15: Aquatic fate and effects of lambda-cyhalothrin in model ecosystem experiments 16: Patterns of pyrethroid contamination and toxicity in agricultural and urban stream segments 17: Recent advances in sediment toxicity identification evaluations emphasizing pyrethroid pesticides 18: Chemical analysis and enantioselective toxicity of pyrethroids Section 5. Risk Mitigation and Stewardship 19: Mitigation of permethrin in irrigation runoff by vegetated agricultural drainage ditches in California 20: Reduction of pyrethroid runoff from a commercial nursery

About the Author :
The four editors represent academia (Gan and Weston), regulatory (Spurlock) and industry (Hendley) sectors. All editors are senior researchers at the full professor or equivalent level. All editors have closely worked on pesticide related topics, including occurrence and regulation (Weston and Spurlock), aquatic toxicology (Weston), registration (Hendley), environmental fate processes (Gan, Spurlock, and Hendley), bioavailability (Gan, Hendley, and Spurlock), chirality (Gan), analysis (Gan), and risk mitigation (Weston and Gan).