Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification: Modeling, Simulation, and Equipment Operations(Mechanical Engineering)

About the Book

Bridging the gap between theory and application, this reference demonstrates the operational mechanisms, modeling, and simulation of equipment for the combustion and gasification of solid fuels. Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification: Modeling, Simulation, and Equipment Operation clearly illustrates procedures to improve and optimize the design of future units and the operation of existing industrial systems with recommendations and guidelines from a seasoned professional in the field.

Supplies an abundance of examples, models, and exercises for step-by-step instruction on the modeling and simulation of combustion and gasification machinery

Of critical importance to the industrial and design engineer, Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification…

Clearly displays methods to build computer simulation programs that will effectively predict equipment performance

Offers methods to formulate sound mathematical models for boilers, gasifiers, furnaces, and incinerators

Shows how to interpret simulation results for the best design and operation of combustion and gasification equipment

Describes key aspects of solid and gas combustion phenomena

Provides detailed discussions of the basic and auxiliary equations used in specific projection models

Includes applications of moving and fluidized beds

Marcio L. de Souza-Santos is Professor of Mechanical Engineering, State University at Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The author of numerous professional publications, he holds several patents and is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Brazilian Society of Chemical Engineering, and the advisory committees of several national and international meetings on energy. An experienced consultant, he has worked for respected organizations such as the Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, Illinois. He received the B.Sc. (1973) and M.Sc. (1981) degrees in chemical engineering from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, and the Ph.D. (1987) in chemical engineering from the University of Sheffield, England.

Table of Contents:
Basic Remarks on Modeling and Simulation
Experiment and Simulation
A Classification for Mathematical Models
Exercises
Solid Fuels
Introduction
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Thermal Treatment
Gasification and Combustion
Exercises
Equipment and Processes
Introduction
Elements of Gas-Solid Systems
Moving Bed
Fluidized Bed
Suspension or Pneumatic Transport
Some Aspects Related to Fuels
Basic Calculations
Introduction
Computation of Some Basic Parameters
Tips on Calculations
Observations
Exercises
Zero-Dimensional Models
Introduction
Basic Equations
Species Balance and Exiting Composition
Useful Relations
Summary for 0D-S Model
Flame Temperature
Exercises
Introduction to One-Dimensional, Steady-State Models
Definitions
Fundamental Equations
Final Comments
Exercises
Moving-Bed Combustion and Gasification Model
Introduction
The Model
Exercises
Chemical Reactions
Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Reactions
Numbering of Chemical Components
A System of Chemical Reactions
Stoichiometry
Kinetics
Final Notes
Exercises
Heterogeneous Reactions
Introduction
General Form of the Problem
Generalized Treatment
Other Heterogeneous Reactions
Exercises
Drying and Devolatilization
Drying
Devolatilization
Exercises
Auxiliary Equations and Basic Calculations
Introduction
Total Production Rates
Thiele Modulus
Diffusivities
Reactivity
Core Dimensions
Heat and Mass Transfer Coefficients
Energy-Related Parameters
A Few Immediate Applications
Pressure Losses
Exercises
Moving-Bed Simulation Program and Results
Introduction
From Modeling to Simulation Program
Samples of Results
Exercises
Fluidized-Bed Combustion and Gasification Model
Introduction
The Mathematical Model
Boundary Conditions
Exercises
Fluidization Dynamics
Introduction
Splitting of Gas Injected into a Bed
Bubble Characteristics and Behavior
Circulation of Solid Particles
Entrainment and Elutriation
Particle Size Distribution
Recycling of Particles
Segregation
Areas and Volumes at Freeboard Section
Mass and Volume Fractions of Solids
Further Studies
Exercises
Auxiliary Parameters Related to Fluidized-Bed Processes
Introduction
Mass Transfers
Heat Transfers
Parameters Related to Reaction Rates
Fluidized-Bed Simulation Program and Results
The Block Diagram
Samples of Results
Exercises
Appendix A: The Fundamental Equations of Transport Phenomena
Appendix B: Notes on Thermodynamics
Heat and Work
Chemical Equilibrium Equation
Specific Heat
Correction for Departure from Ideal Behavior
Generalized 0D-S Models
Heat Values
Representative Formation Enthalpy of a Solid Fuel
Appendix C: Possible Improvements on Modeling Heterogeneous Reactions
General Mass Balance for a Particle
Generalized Energy Balance for a Particle
Appendix D: Improvements on Various Aspects
Rate of Particles Circulation in the Fluidized Bed
Improvements on the Fluidized-Bed Equipment Simulator (FBES)
Appendix E: Basics of Turbulent Flow
Momentum Transfer
Heat and Mass Transfers
Reaction Kinetics
Appendix F: Classifications of Modeling for Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Equipment
Main Aspects
Appendix G: Basic Techniques of Kinetics Determination
References
Index