Identifying Talent, Institutionalizing Diversity: Race and Philanthropy in Post-Civil Rights America

“Diversity” has become a mantra in corporate boardrooms, higher education, and government hiring and contracting. In Identifying Talent, Institutionalizing Diversity, Jiannbin Lee Shiao explains the leading role that large philanthropies have played in establishing diversity as a goal throughout American society in the post–civil rights era. By creating and institutionalizing diversity policies, these private organizations have quietly transformed the practice of affirmative action. Shiao describes how, from the 1960s through the 1990s, philanthropies responded to immigration, the recognition of nonblack minority groups, and the conservative backlash against affirmative action. He shows that these pressures not only shifted discourse and practice within philanthropy away from a binary black-white conception of race but also dovetailed with a change in its mission from supporting “good causes” to “identifying talent.” Based on three years of research on the racial and ethnic priorities of the San Francisco Foundation and the Cleveland Foundation, Shiao demonstrates the geographically uneven impact of the national transition to diversification. The demographics of the regions served by the foundations in San Francisco and Cleveland are quite different, and paradoxically, the foundation in Cleveland-which serves an area with substantially fewer immigrants-has had greater institutional opportunities for implementing diversity policies. Shiao connects these regional histories with the national philanthropic field by underscoring the prominent role of the Ford Foundation, the third largest private foundation in the country, in shaping diversity policies. Identifying Talent, Institutionalizing Diversity reveals philanthropic diversity policy as a lens through which to focus on U.S. race relations and the role of the private sector in racial politics.

Table of Contents:
Tables and Figures ix Acknowledgments xi 1. Diversity, Philanthropy, and Race Relations 1 2. Race Talk in the National Magazine of Foundation Philanthropy 28 3. Business Philanthropy in the Greater Cleveland Area 67 4. Progressive Philanthropy in the San Francisco Bay Area 110 5. Elite Visibility in Institutional Racial Formation 151 6. Exploring the Validity of Diversity Policy for Foundations Themselves 200 7. The Institutional Segmentation of Post-Civil Rights America 234 Notes 259 References 269 Index 283

About the Author :
Jiannbin Lee Shiao is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon.

Review :
"Who spoke of diversity or multiculturalism in the 1960s? Who doesn't in the 2000s? In tracing the role of private philanthrophy, Jiannbin Lee Shiao illuminates the confounding realities of affirmative action and racial diversity in particular and of American philanthropy and politics in general. Informative and interesting, Identifying Talent, Institutionalizing Diversity is a key text in understanding the post-civil rights United States."--John Lie, Class of 1959 Professor and Dean, International and Area Studies, University of California, Berkeley "Within the U.S. context, foundations and philanthropies play a crucial role in racial politics. To this important topic, Jiannbin Lee Shiao brings an incredible amount of theoretical insights and empirical knowledge. Identifying Talent, Institutionalizing Diversity is a major contribution to race and ethnic studies, the sociology of philanthropy, and urban and community studies."--Edward J. W. Park, Director and Associate Professor, Asian Pacific American Studies Program, Loyola Marymount University