Raphaël Lemkin and the Concept of Genocide: (Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights)

RaphaËl Lemkin (1900-1959) coined the word "genocide" in the winter of 1942 and led a movement in the United Nations to outlaw the crime, setting his sights on reimagining human rights institutions and humanitarian law after World War II. After the UN adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948, Lemkin slipped into obscurity, and within a few short years many of the same governments that had agreed to outlaw genocide and draft a Universal Declaration of Human Rights tried to undermine these principles. This intellectual biography of one of the twentieth century's most influential theorists and human rights figures sheds new light on the origins of the concept and word "genocide," contextualizing Lemkin's intellectual development in interwar Poland and exploring the evolving connection between his philosophical writings, juridical works, and politics over the following decades. The book presents Lemkin's childhood experience of anti-Jewish violence in imperial Russia; his youthful arguments to expand the laws of war to protect people from their own governments; his early scholarship on Soviet criminal law and nationalities violence; his work in the 1930s to advance a rights-based approach to international law; his efforts in the 1940s to outlaw genocide; and his forays in the 1950s into a social-scientific and historical study of genocide, which he left unfinished. Revealing what the word "genocide" meant to people in the wake of World War II-as the USSR and Western powers sought to undermine the Genocide Convention at the UN, while delegations from small states and former colonies became the strongest supporters of Lemkin's law-RaphaËl Lemkin and the Concept of Genocide examines how the meaning of genocide changed over the decades and highlights the relevance of Lemkin's thought to our own time.

Table of Contents:
Introduction Chapter 1. Youth, 1900-1932 Chapter 2. The League of Nations Years, 1933-1939 Chapter 3. Writing Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, 1939-1944 Chapter 4. Axis Rule in Holocaust and Genocide Studies Chapter 5. The Nuremberg Years, 1944-1946 Chapter 6. The United Nations Years, 1946-1948 Chapter 7. The Final Years, 1948-1959 Conclusion. The Crime of Crimes Notes Index Acknowledgments

About the Author :
Douglas Irvin-Erickson is Director of the Genocide Prevention Program at George Mason University.

Review :
"Just as humanitarian and genocide studies have flourished in recent decades, so too have Lemkin studies-a field to which Douglas Irvin-Erickson adds with his superb intellectual biography. This impeccably researched work tells us little about the man's personal life; rather, it provides a deep understanding of the ideas that shaped Lemkin, the concepts he articulated, and the machinations he orchestrated to ensure passage of the Convention." (Human Rights Review) "An excellent intellectual biography that advances the young burgeoning field of Lemkin (and genocide) studies in significant ways." (Dirk Moses, University of Sydney) "Intriguing and innovative, Raphaël Lemkin and the Concept of Genocide is a brilliant marriage of international law and philosophy. It will make a significant contribution to the still modest field of Lemkin studies." (David Crowe, Elon University)