Civitas by Design: Building Better Communities, from the Garden City to the New Urbanism

Since the end of the nineteenth century, city planners have aspired not only to improve the physical living conditions of urban residents but also to strengthen civic ties through better design of built environments. From Ebenezer Howard and his vision for garden cities to today's New Urbanists, these visionaries have sought to deepen civitas, or the shared community of citizens. In Civitas by Design, historian Howard Gillette, Jr., takes a critical look at this planning tradition, examining a wide range of environmental interventions and their consequences over the course of the twentieth century. As American reform efforts moved from progressive idealism through the era of government urban renewal programs to the rise of faith in markets, planners attempted to cultivate community in places such as Forest Hills Gardens in Queens, New York; Celebration, Florida; and the post-Katrina Gulf Coast. Key figures-including critics Lewis Mumford and Oscar Newman, entrepreneur James Rouse, and housing reformer Catherine Bauer-introduced concepts such as neighborhood units, pedestrian shopping malls, and planned communities that were implemented on a national scale. Many of the buildings, landscapes, and infrastructures that planners envisioned still remain, but frequently these physical designs have proven insufficient to sustain the ideals they represented. Will contemporary urbanists' efforts to join social justice with environmentalism generate better results? Gillette places the work of reformers and designers in the context of their times, providing a careful analysis of the major ideas and trends in urban planning for current and future policy makers.

Table of Contents:
Introduction 1. Progressive Reform Through Environmental Intervention 2. The Garden City in America 3. The City: Film as Artifact 4. The Evolution of Neighborhood Planning 5. The Planned Shopping Center in Suburb and City 6. James Rouse and American City Planning 7. The New Urbanism: ''Organizing Things That Matter' 8. Civitas in the Design of Low-Income Housing Conclusion Notes Index Acknowledgments

About the Author :
Howard Gillette, Jr., is Professor of History at Rutgers University and the author of Camden After the Fall: Decline and Renewal in a Post-Industrial City and Between Justice and Beauty: Race, Planning, and the Failure of Urban Policy in Washington, D.C. Both books are available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.

Review :
"Gillette expertly and efficiently marches the reader through the main planning and reform movements of the late nineteenth, twentieth, and early twenty-first centuries, focusing on those thinkers, movements, and places that reflect a concern for the utility of design in promoting good community life." (Planning Perspectives) "Howard Gillette provides a masterful survey of major themes in American planning and social thought over the course of the twentieth century on the proper design and function of urban areas. The title reflects the longstanding belief that improved design will create not simply better buildings and public spaces but truly engaged citizens." (David Schuyler, author of From Garden City to Green City: The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard)