The Essential Howard Gardner on Mind

About the Book

For over half a century, Howard Gardner has studied the mind in its various shapes, forms, and operations, culminating in his best-known work, the theory of multiple intelligences. This volume compiles his most compelling essays on the conduct, contours, and complexity of the human mind. After introducing the thinkers who had the greatest influence on him, Gardner traces the multiple aspects of mind that he has illuminated: the development of cognition, notably in the arts; the breakdown of cognition under condition of brain damage; a probing examination of human cognition at its highest levels, including creativity, leadership, artistry, and "good work" (work that is excellent, engaging, and ethical) in the professions; and, most recently, our extraordinary synthesizing capacities as human beings. This fascinating book captures in one place the long and compelling arc of a major scholar's contribution to understanding intelligence, thinking, and the development of the range of cognitive strengths.

Book Features:

• Presents Howard Gardner's essential essays on mind over the course of his long and distinguished career.
• Traces the influences on Gardner's own thinking, among them psychologists Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner, philosophers Susanne Langer and Nelson Goodman, neurologist Norman Geschwind, and anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss.
• Shows how an understanding of human cognitive capacities and processes manifests itself in several domains, such as artistry, leadership, creativity, and excellence in the professions.

Table of Contents:
Contents Acknowledgments  xi Introduction  1 Influences 1.  Jean Piaget: The Psychologist as Renaissance Man  7 The Philosopher’s Shadow  9 2.  Jerome Seymour Bruner: Cognitive Psychology Enters the Educational Arena  10 References  14 3.  Project Zero: Nelson Goodman’s Legacy in Arts Education  15 What of Goodman’s Legacy to Project Zero?  20 References  21 4.  Norman Geschwind as a Creative Scientist  22 References  25 Early Work 5.  Piaget and Lévi-Strauss: The Quest for Mind  29 References  41 6.  From Mode to Symbol: Thoughts on the Genesis of the Arts  42 References  50 7.  Note on Selective Imitation by a 6-Week-Old Infant  53 Judith Gardner and Howard Gardner Reference  54 8.  Children’s Sensitivity to Painting Styles  55 Developmental Psychology 9.  Style Sensitivity in Children  59 Style Detection in the Adult  63 Problems  66 Relation to Cognition  67 References  68 10.  The Development of Metaphoric Understanding  69 Ellen Winner, Anne K. Rosenstiel, and Howard Gardner Reference  71 11.  First Intimations of Artistry  72 Howard Gardner and Ellen Winner The Enigma of Early Artistic Production  72 Early Metaphors  74 First Drawings  78 Patterns of Development in Literary and Graphic Realms  81 Portraying the Skills of the Young Child: A First Draft of Artistry  82 Two Facets of Artistry  86 References  88 12.  Developmental Psychology After Piaget: An Approach in Terms of Symbolization  89 Introduction: The Piagetian Enterprise  89 Critiques of the Piagetian Enterprise  90 Symbolization: A Starting Point  92 Relation to Other Lines of Inquiry  95 References  97 Introduction to the Study of Brain Damage 13.  The Contribution of Operativity to Naming Capacity  103 Abstract  103 Discussion  103 14.  Bee but Not Be: Oral Reading of Single Words in Aphasia and Alexia  105 Abstract  105 Findings  106 Reference  107 15.  The Comprehension of Metaphor in Brain-Damaged Patients  108 Ellen Winner and Howard Gardner Discussion  110 In Sum  111 Acknowledgment  112 Reference  112 16.  The Stories of the Right Hemisphere: Missing the Point  113 The Stories of the Right Hemisphere  113 Introduction to Multiple Intelligences 17.  In a Nutshell  121 What Constitutes an Intelligence?  123 The Original Set of Intelligences  124 Newly Identified Intelligences  130 The Unique Contributions of the Theory  132 Conclusion  134 References  134 18.  A “Smart” Lexicon  135 References  137 19.  Artistic Intelligences  138 Reference  142 20.  Who Owns Intelligence?  143 References  151 Cognition 21.  Definition and Scope of Cognitive Science  155 22.  Scientific Psychology: Should We Bury It or Praise It?  157 The Emerging Disciplinary Topography  159 The Surviving Center  160 Whither Psychologists?  162 References  163 Heights of Cognition: Creativity 23.  Seven Creators of the Modern Era  167 The Problem  167 Two Promising Approaches  168 A Preliminary Definition  169 A Research Program  170 Where Is Creativity?  171 The Person  173 The Domain  173 The Field  174 Tensions Across Nodes  174 Developmental Perspective  175 Features That Characterize Creative Individuals  176 References  178 24.  Creativity: The View From Big C and the Introduction of Tiny c  179 Howard Gardner and Emily Weinstein Background  179 The Twenty-First Century: Three Challenges  181 Emily  182 Toward “Tiny c”  184 References  186 Leadership 25.  Leadership: An Overview  189 What Is a Leader?  189 A Study of Leaders  191 The Intelligences of a Leader  192 Leaders Take Risks, Defy Authority  193 Leaders Try and Fail . . . and Then Try Again, Quite Possibly With a Different Tack  194 A Leader and Authenticity  195 Indirect Leaders: Creative Minds  196 Three Lessons  197 Defeat Is an Opportunity  198 Reference  198 26.  On Good Leadership: Reflections on Leading Minds After Three Decades  199 An Approach to Good Leadership  200 Reference  201 27.  Changing Minds: 80/20 and Five Rs  202 Mental Representations: The 80/20 Principle  202 1. Reason  205 2. Research  205 3. Resonance  205 By the Way: Rhetoric  206 4. Representational Redescriptions (Redescriptions for Short)  206 5. Resources and Rewards  206 6. Real-World Events  207 7. Resistances  207 References  208 Positive Uses of Mind: Introduction to Good Work 28.  Tanner Lecture #1: What Is Good Work?  213 References  224 29.  Tanner Lecture #2: Achieving Good Work in Turbulent Times  225 References  234 The Professions 30.  Compromised Work  237 31.  The Lonely Profession  248 With Laura Horn Evidence of Professional Identity  249 Professional Stance  250 Why Don’t They Identify With Philanthropy?  253 Lonely Work  257 32.  In Defense of Disinterestedness in the Digital Era  262 Terminology  264 The Difference That a Half-Century Can Make  268 Enter the Digital Media  269 References  276 33.  The Future of the Professions  277 Autobiographical Reflection  277 Introducing the Susskinds  279 A Question of Values  281 References  282 Minds of the Future 34.  Five Minds for the Future: An Introduction  285 Disciplined  287 Synthesizing  288 Creating  288 Respectful and Ethical  289 Education in the Large  290 Reference  290 35.  Musings About a Synthesizing Mind  291 An Aside  294 References  295 36.  Some Further Reflections on the Synthesizing Mind  296 References  306 37.  Why the App Generation?  307 Howard Gardner and Katie Davis Enter Apps  308 References  310 Miscellanea 38.  Human Potential: A Forty-Year Saga  313 References  319 39.  Had I but World Enough and Time  320 The Synthesizing Mind  320 Good Work: The Ethical Perspective  321 Intelligences  322 Education From the Cradle on . . . in the Anthropocene  323 Gratitude  323 Original Publication List  325 Index  329 Permissions  337 About the Author  339

About the Author :

Howard Gardner is the Hobbs Research Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Among numerous honors, Gardner received a MacArthur Prize Fellowship, the Grawemeyer Prize in Education, a fellowship from the John S. Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, and the American Educational Research Association's Distinguished Contributions to Research in Education Award.