A Kingdom Divided: Evangelicals, Loyalty, and Sectionalism in the Civil War Era(Conflicting Worlds: New Dimensions of the American Civil War)

A Kingdom Divided uncovers how evangelical Christians in the border states influenced debates about slavery, morality, and politics from the 1830s to the 1890s. Using little-studied events and surprising incidents from the region, April E. Holm argues that evangelicals on the border powerfully shaped the regional structure of American religion in the Civil War era. In the decades before the Civil War, the three largest evangelical denominations diverged sharply over the sinfulness of slavery. This division generated tremendous local conflict in the border region, where individual churches had to define themselves as being either northern or southern. In response, many border evangelicals drew upon the ""doctrine of spirituality,"" which dictated that churches should abstain from all political debate. Proponents of this doctrine defined slavery as a purely political issue, rather than a moral one, and the wartime arrival of secular authorities who demanded loyalty to the Union only intensified this commitment to ""spirituality."" Holm contends that these churches' insistence that politics and religion were separate spheres was instrumental in the development of the ideal of the nonpolitical southern church. After the Civil War, southern churches adopted both the disaffected churches from border states and their doctrine of spirituality, claiming it as their own and using it to supply a theological basis for remaining divided after the abolition of slavery. By the late nineteenth century, evangelicals were more sectionally divided than they had been at war's end. In A Kingdom Divided, Holm provides the first analysis of the crucial role of churches in border states in shaping antebellum divisions in the major evangelical denominations, in navigating the relationship between church and the federal government, and in rewriting denominational histories to forestall reunion in the churches. Offering a new perspective on nineteenth-century sectionalism, it highlights how religion, morality, and politics interacted, often in unexpected ways, in a time of political crisis and war.

About the Author :
April Holm is assistant professor of history and associate director of the Center for Civil War Research at the University of Mississippi. She is a social and political historian of the nineteenth century United States, specialising in religion and morality, sectionalism and nationalism, and the politics of slavery.

Review :
In recent years, historians of the Civil War era have paid increasing attention to the border regions and to the influence of religion. In this well-researched book, April Holm brings those two strands of scholarship together and offers a much-needed study of the often-neglected moderate voices of the period. Her focus on the ministers and lay leaders of three major denominations makes for a tightly written monograph that sheds considerable light on everything from the effects of slavery and sectional politics on the churches to the complex postwar struggles for reunion in both church and state.--George C. Rable, author of Damn Yankees! Demonization and Defiance in the Confederate South One might think it impossible to find something new to say about the Civil War, but April Holm proves this is not the case. Based on painstaking research and a deep knowledge of the era, she revises our understanding of the experience of the border region, and especially its evangelical churches. . . . The issues she deals with--the competing claims of religious and secular values, the role of churches in politics, race and American Christianity--are as relevant today as a century and a half ago.--Eric Foner, Columbia University Skillfully written and impressive in its comprehensiveness, A Kingdom Divided offers a powerful reminder that to study the border region is not to study an exceptional place--but to study a place that exposes some of the basic truths about the entire nation in the era of the Civil War.--Amy Murrell Taylor, author of The Divided Family in Civil War America