The Black Middle: Africans, Mayas, and Spaniards in Colonial Yucatan

Winner of the Conference on Latin American History's 2010 Mexican History Book Prize. The Black Middle is the first full-length study of black African slaves and other people of African descent in the Spanish colonial province of Yucatan. Matthew Restall makes expert use of Spanish and Maya language documents from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries, found in a dozen different archives. His goal is to discover what life was like for a people hitherto ignored by historians. He explores such topics as slavery and freedom, militia service and family life, bigamy and witchcraft, and the ways in which Afro-Yucatecans (as he dubs them) interacted with Mayas and Spaniards. Restall concludes that, in numerous ways, Afro-Yucatecans lived and worked in a middle space between—but closely connected to—Mayas and Spaniards. The book's "black middle" thesis has profound implications for the study of Africans throughout the Americas.

Table of Contents:
Contents List of Figures, Maps, and Tables xxx Preface and Acknowledgments xxx A Note on Sources xxx Abbreviations of Archival Sources xxx Introduction: Making the Boatloads Visible 1 Chapter One: Involuntary Colonists 000 Chapter Two: People as Property 000 Chapter Three: Race and Rank 000 Chapter Four: Ways of Work 000 Chapter Five: Ways Up and Ways Out 000 Chapter Six: Communities 000 Chapter Seven: Magical Meetings 000 Conclusion: The Afro-Yucatecan Middle 000 Appendices A: Selection of Documents by Afro-Yucatecans 000 B: Afro-Yucatecans and the Population of Colonial Yucatan 000 C: Afro-Yucatecans travelling under license from Spain to Yucatan 000 D: Sales and values of slaves in Yucatan 000 E: Spanish slave-owners in Merida 000 F: Afro-Yucatecans accused of witchcraft by the Inquisition 000 G: Afro-Yucatecan Baptism Records, Merida 000 Reference Matter Notes 000 Glossary 000 Bibliography 000 000 Index 000

About the Author :
Matthew Restall is Professor of Latin American History and Director of Latin American Studies at Pennsylvania State University. Since 1995, he has written or edited numerous books, including The Maya World(Stanford, 1997).

Review :
"Matthew Restall's book is a wonderful addition to a number of fields, most prominently Latin American history, slave and Diaspora studies, ethnohistory, and Atlantic world history. The book is exceptionally well written with an engaging and informative style. The work draws on an impressive array of archival sources and nicely complements statistical evidence with real-life stories. The book's eloquence and revisionism ensure that it will be widely read and influential." - Jeremy Baskes, Enterprise and Society "Restall provides strong evidence supporting the important role that Afro-Yucatecans played in Spanish and Maya communities, and in Yucatecan society in general ... Restall's ability to make arcane data come to life through stories and examples expands the work's readership beyond academia." - Mark Z. Christensen, Colonial Latin American Historical Review "Restall opens each chapter with a detailed case study that makes for compelling reading and proves impressive in the depth of research and thoughtful and informed speculation required to give the stories depth and meaning. Restall's study will be of great interest to specialists in the African and Afro-American experiences in colonial Latin America and the wider Atlantic World." - Frank "Trey" Proctor III, The Americas "Matthew Restall is an expert on the Maya ... This is a crucial contribution to the history of a too neglected aspect of colonial management, the history of freedom and slavery, the history of witchcraft (in which African, indigenous, and Spanish elements were pixed, pagan, and Christian), and much more ... The book is soundly researched. The personal stories add an important human touch to the general coverage." - Leonard R. N. Ashley, Bibliotheque d'Humanisme et Renaissance "Restall has given us a full-blooded portrait of a historically important and interesting corner of the colonial world. In addition to his focus on the African-origin population of the Yucatan, Restall provides a full-scale, detailed, and eloquent social history of the entire region, demonstrating the ways in which his 'black middle' population was embedded in the larger society. The archival sources are truly impressive, expertly handled, and deployed with smart critical discussion." - Eric Van Young, University of California, San Diego