Thinking with Objects: The Transformation of Mechanics in the Seventeenth Century

About the Book

Thinking with Objects offers a fresh view of the transformation that took place in mechanics during the 17th century. By giving center stage to objects-levers, inclined planes, beams, pendulums, springs, and falling and projected bodies-Domenico Bertoloni Meli provides a unique and comprehensive portrayal of mechanics as practitioners understood it at the time. Bertoloni Meli reexamines such major texts as Galileo's Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences, Descartes' Principles of Philosophy, and Newton's Principia, and in them finds a reliance on objects that has escaped proper understanding. From Pappus of Alexandria to Guidobaldo dal Monte, Bertoloni Meli sees significant developments in the history of mechanical experimentation, all of them crucial for understanding Galileo. Bertoloni Meli uses similarities and tensions between dal Monte and Galileo as a springboard for exploring the revolutionary nature of seventeenth-century mechanics. Examining objects helps us appreciate the shift from the study to the practice of mechanics and challenges artificial dichotomies among practical and conceptual pursuits, mathematics, and experiment.

Table of Contents:

Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Beyond Inertia: From Laws to Objects
2. Motion and Mechanics
3. The Role of Mathematics
4. Experience and Experiment
5. Practitioners, Sites, and Forms of Communication
6. Structure and Organization of the Present Work
1. Machines in the Field, in the Book, and in the Study
1.1. Between Classical Theory and Engineering Practice
1.2. Machines, Equilibrium, and Motion
1.3. The Balance of dal Monte and the Problem of Rigor
1.4. Pulleys and the Contingency of Matter
1.5. Rival Traditions on the Inclined Plane
2. Floating Bodies and a Mathematical Science of Motion
2.1. Some Features of Archimedes' Floating Bodies
2.2. Reading Floating Bodies
2.3. Benedetti against the Philosophers
2.4. Galileo's Early Speculations
2.5. Mazzoni, Stevin, and Galileo
3. The Formulation of New Mathematical Sciences
3.1. The Broadening of the Mechanical Tradition
3.2. Galileo at Padua and the Science of Motion
3.3. From Buoyancy to the Science of Waters
3.4. Motion between Heaven and Earth
3.5. The Science of the Resistance of Materials
3.6. The Science of Motion
4. Novel Reflections and Quantitative Experiments
4.1. Different Readings of Galileo
4.2. Mersenne's Harmonie and the Dialogo
4.3. Rethinking Galileo's Axiomatic Structure
4.4. Continuity and the Law of Fall
4.5. Trials with Projectiles, Pierced Cisterns, and Beams
4.6. The Experiments and Tables of Riccioli
5. The Motion and Collision of Particles
5.1. The Rise of the Mechanical Philosophy
5.2. Mechanics and the Mechanical Philosophy
5.3. Beeckman, Galileo, and Descartes
5.4. Motion and Its Laws
5.5. From the Balance to Impact: Beeckman, Marci, and Descartes
5.6. The Workings of the Cartesian Universe
Intermezzo: Generational and Institutional Changes
6. The Equilibrium and Motion of Liquids
6.1. A Characterization of a Research Tradition
6.2. Studies around the Time of the Cimento Academy
6.3. Pressure and Equilibrium in Pascal and Boyle
6.4. Studying the Motion of Waters North of the Alps
6.5. Guglielmini and the Bologna Scene
6.6. Experiments Combining Pressure and Speed
7. Projected, Oscillating, and Orbiting Bodies
7.1. The Tools of Investigation
7.2. The Analyses of Orbital Motion by Fabri and Borelli
7.3. Falling Bodies on a Moving Earth
7.4. Projectiles and Air Resistance
7.5. Huygens's Pendulum
7.6. English Approaches to Orbital Motion
8. Colliding Bodies, Springs, and Beams
8.1. The Emergence of Elasticity
8.2. Boyle and Elasticity
8.3. The Transformation of the Impact Rules
8.4. Springs between Technology and Cosmology
8.5. Bending and Breaking Beams
9. A New World-System
9.1. Teamwork and Anti-Cartesianism
9.2. Halley, Wren, Hooke, and Newton
9.3. The Principia's Structure and Conceptual Framework
9.4. The Role of Experiments
9.5. The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
9.6. A New World-System: Newton and Flamsteed
10. Causes, Conservation, and the New Mathematics
10.1. Mechanics at the Turn of the Century
10.2. The New Analysis
10.3. Conservation
10.4. Early Responses to Newton's Principia
10.5. The New Analysis and Newton's Principia
Conclusion: Mapping the Transformations of Mechanics
Notes
References
Index

About the Author :
Domenico Bertoloni Meli is a professor of history and philosophy of science at Indiana University.

Review :
Clearly the result of meticulous research and extensive study, I suspect this work will stand the test of time. PhiloBiblos The revival of extensive discourses makes this a unique, invaluable resource for any study of the history of science. Choice Fascinating reading for anyone interested in the history of science... incredibly thorough. -- David Nuttall Physics Education An important contribution... and his book should find a welcome place on the bookshelf of anyone interested in the history of the Scientific Revolution. -- William R. Shea American Historical Review A very interesting book... I have no doubt that it is destined to find a pivotal place in the study of the history of science. -- Michael Box Australian Physics The most important contribution to the history of mechanics of the last decade, likely to become a standard reference and without any doubt a must for every historian of physics. -- Jurgen Renn Renaissance Quarterly A superb, if difficult book, that belongs as basic to the curriculum of early modern history of science. -- Margaret Jacob History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Meli's stress on the importance of engagements with materiality in the development of seventeenth-century mechanics thus achieves a spectacular vindication in demonstrating the full meaning of Newton's pretensions to be contributing not just to 'mathematics' in the Principia, but to natural philosophy itself. -- Peter Dear British Journal for the History of Science [Meli's] approach is new and convincing... a groundbreaking change of focus. -- Sophie Roux Metascience Full of pertinent detail in the text itself, Thinking with Objects cleverly uses the captions of figures to provide more extended samples of seventeenth-century arguments, thus demonstrating in practice how helpful it is to think with visual or geometric representations. -- Edith Dudley Sylla Isis Thinking with Objects is a significant book. Its success lies in reformulating our ideas of the methods and practices of early modern sciences... No serious future study of early modern physics and its transformations will be able to ignore the analyses and conclusions of this work. -- Craig Martin Huntington Library Quarterly