Rule of Darkness: British Literature and Imperialism, 1830–1914

A major contribution to the cultural and literary history of the Victorian age, Rule of Darkness maps the complex relationship between Victorian literary forms, genres, and theories and imperialist, racist ideology. Critics and cultural historians have usually regarded the Empire as being of marginal importance to early and mid-Victorian writers. Patrick Brantlinger asserts that the Empire was central to British culture as a source of ideological and artistic energy, both supported by and lending support to widespread belief in racial superiority, the need to transform "savagery" into "civilization," and the urgency of promoting emigration. Rule of Darkness brings together material from public records, memoirs, popular culture, and canonical literature. Brantlinger explores the influence of the novels of Captain Frederick Marryat, pioneer of British adolescent adventure fiction, and shows the importance of William Makepeace Thackeray's experience of India to his novels. He treats a number of Victorian best sellers previously ignored by literary historians, including the Anglo-Indian writer Philip Meadows Taylor's Confessions of a Thug and Seeta. Brantlinger situates explorers' narratives and travelogues by such famous author-adventurers as David Livingstone and Sir Richard Burton in relation to other forms of Victorian and Edwardian prose. Through readings of works by Arthur Conan Doyle, Joseph Conrad, H. Rider Haggard, Rudyard Kipling, John Hobson, and many others, he considers representations of Africa, India, and other non-British parts of the world in both fiction and nonfiction. The most comprehensive study yet of literature and imperialism in the early and mid-Victorian years, Rule of Darkness offers, in addition, a revisionary interpretation of imperialism as a significant factor in later British cultural history, from the 1880s to World War I. It is essential reading for anyone concerned with Victorian culture and society and, more generally, with the relationship between Victorian writers and imperialism, 'and between racist ideology and patterns of domination in modern history.

Table of Contents:
Introduction PART I. DAWN 1. From Dawn Island to Heart of Darkness 2. Bringing Up the Empire: Captain Marryats Midshipmen PART II. NOON 3. Thackeray's India 4. Black Swans; or, Botany Bay Eclogues 5. The New Crusades 6. The Genealogy of the Myth of the "Dark Continent" 7. The Well at Cawnpore: Literary Representations of the Indian Mutiny of 1857 PART III. DUSK 8. Imperial Gothic: Atavism and the Occult in the British Adventure Novel, 1880-1914 9. Epilogue: Kurtz's "Darkness" and Conrad's Heart of Darkness Notes Index

About the Author :
Patrick Brantlinger is James Rudy Professor of English (Emeritus) at Indiana University. He is the author of many books, including Dark Vanishings, Fictions of State, Rule of Darkness, and Bread and Circuses, all from Cornell.

Review :
"An outstanding analysis of imperialism in 19th-century British literature... Brantlinger deploys a real wealth of material, providing fresh insights at every turn."-Times Higher Education Supplement "The path-breaking work Brantlinger has done opens up the terrain of Victorian culture in refreshing and remarkable ways. His analysis of the imperialist impulse in many heretofore isolated phases of Victorian culture is both inspiring and dependable, a rare combination. Rule of Darkness will undoubtedly be complemented and extended by the work of others in the near future, but it is hard to see how it could be surpassed."-Novel "This learned and incisive study shows how deeply imperialist assumptions pervade Victorian narratives from the adventure yarn through the realist novel and the 'Imperial Gothic' of fantasy fiction. Brantlinger both colonizes a range of noncanonical texts and explores the imperialist darkness at the heart of such standard authors as Macaulay and Thackeray, Kipling and Conrad... His mapping of overgrown paths between Victorian liberalism and imperialism, abolitionism and racism, are invaluable guides to the imaginative politics of the last century."-Virginia Quarterly Review "Rule of Darkness is a significant contribution to studies seeking to reveal how the English in the nineteenth century created demeaning and often destructive images of Mrica and the East, images that continue to haunt twentieth-century writing, films, and attitudes."-Conradiana "An unusually full treatment of the imperialist idea as that idea developed and altered during seven decades of the nineteenth century. Patrick Brantlinger gives us a fresh and valuable discussion of the novels of Marryat, approaches Thackeray from an unusual angle, and demonstrates how crucial to the justification of the colonialist project were such matters as the Indian Mutiny and the emergence of Africa as a metaphor for savagery and darkness."-Elliot L. Gilbert, University of California, Davis