Communities of Memory: On Witness, Identity, and Justice

"Memory has fueled merciless, violent strife, and it has been at the core of reconciliation and reconstruction. It has been used to justify great crimes, and yet it is central to the pursuit of justice. In these and more everyday ways, we live surrounded by memory, individual and social: in our habits, our names, the places where we live, street names, libraries, archives, and our citizenship, institutions, and laws. Still, we wonder what to make of memory and its gifts, though sometimes we are hardly even certain that they are gifts. Of the many chambers in this vast palace, I mean to ask particularly after the place of memory in politics, in the identity of political communities, and in their practices of doing justice."-from the PrefaceW. James Booth seeks to understand the place of memory in the identity, ethics, and practices of justice of political communities. Identity is, he believes, a particular kind of continuity across time, one central to the possibility of agency and responsibility, and memory plays a central role in grounding that continuity. Memory-identity takes two forms: a habitlike form, the deep presence of the past that is part of a life-led-in-common; and a more fragile, vulnerable form in which memory struggles to preserve identity through time-notably in bearing witness-a form of memory work deeply bound up with the identity of political communities. Booth argues that memory holds a defining place in determining how justice is administered. Memory is tied to the very possibility of an ethical community, one responsible for its own past, able to make commitments for the future, and driven to seek justice. "Underneath (and motivating) the politics of memory, understood as contests over the writing of history, over memorials, museums, and canons," he writes, "there lies an intertwining of memory, identity, and justice." Communities of Memory both argues for and maps out that intertwining.

About the Author :
W. James Booth is Professor in the Department of Political Science and in the Department of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University. He is the author of Households: On the Moral Architecture of the Economy, also from Cornell, and Interpreting the World: Kant's Philosophy of History and Politics, and the coeditor of Politics and Rationality.

Review :
"W. James Booth's book is a beautiful set of meditations on the morality and politics of memory. Its dual themes are death and justice: how do we do justice to the dead-especially those who were victims of political crime? There is no simple answer to this question, because forgetting and reconciliation, as well as untempered justice, are sometimes called for. Communities of Memory is full of insights, articulated with powerful words and precise concepts as well as evocative images that are themselves memorable."-Ronald Beiner, University of Toronto "In Communities of Memory, W. James Booth argues that the crimes of the past should not simply be forgotten in the hopes of their going away, but that justice demands that we keep memories of the victims alive. While we may need to balance the demands to repay the debts of the past with the need to look forward and start afresh for the next generation, that balancing act cannot and should never fully consign past victims to oblivion."-Peter Digeser, University of California, Santa Barbara, author of Political Forgiveness