Image-Guided and Adaptive Radiation Therapy

This book provides detailed, state-of-the-art information and guidelines on the latest developments, innovations, and clinical procedures in image-guided and adaptive radiation therapy. The first section discusses key methodological and technological issues in image-guided and adaptive radiation therapy, including use of implanted fiducial markers, management of respiratory motion, image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiation therapy, three-dimensional conformal brachytherapy, target definition and localization, and PET/CT and biologically conformal radiation therapy. The second section provides practical clinical information on image-guided adaptive radiation therapy for cancers at all common anatomic sites and for pediatric cancers. The third section offers practical guidelines for establishing an effective image-guided adaptive radiation therapy program.

Table of Contents:
Part I: METHODOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY FOR IMAGE-GUIDED ADAPTIVE RADIATION THERAPY Chapter 1: Introduction to Image-Guided and Adaptive Radiotherapy Martin J. Murphy and Tianfang Li Chapter 2: Image-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy and Practical Perspectives Lei Xing, Louis Lee, and Robert Timmerman Chapter 3: Errors, Margins, Localization and Correction Jan-Jakob Sonke and Marcel van Herk Chapter 4: Use of Implanted Fiducial Markers in IGRT Daniel Low and James Balter Chapter 5: Management of Respiratory Motion in Radiation Therapy Gig S. Mageras and Paul J. Keall Chapter 6: Image-Guided Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy T.D. Solberg, B. Kavanagh, and P.M. Medin Chapter 7: Three-Dimensional Conformal Brachytherapy: Current Trends and Future Promise Jeffrey F. Williamson and Robert Cormack Chapter 8: Target Definition and Localization Daniel R. Gomez, K.S. Clifford Chao, and Nancy Y. Lee Chapter 9: PET/CT and Biologically Conformal Radiation Therapy Marco Trovo, Jeffrey Bradley, and Mitchell Machtay Part II. IMAGE-GUIDED ADAPTIVE RADIATION THERAPY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE Chapter 10: Head and Neck Cancers Ping Xia and Quynh-Thu Le Chapter 11: Lung Cancers Steve Jiang, Loren Mell, and Ajay Sandhu Chapter 12: Breast Cancers Sua Yoo, Jinli Ma, Lawrence Marks, and Fang-Fang Yin Chapter 13: Liver Malignancies Kristy K. Brock and Laura A. Dawson Chapter 14: Non-Hepatic Gastrointestinal Malignancies Daniel T. Chang, Devin S. Schellenberg, and Albert C. Koong Chapter 15: Genitourinary Cancers Lei Dong and Jeff M. Michalski Chapter 16: Gynecologic Malignancies Loren K. Mell, Josh Haslam, John Roeske, and Arno J. Mundt Chapter 17: Central Nervous System Tumors Yoshiya Yamada, D. Michael Lovelock, Jenghwa Chang, and Mark H. Bilsky Chapter 18: Pediatric Cancers Thomas Merchant and Chris Beltran Part III. ESTABLISHING AN IMAGE-GUIDED ADAPTIVE RADIATION THERAPY PROGRAM Chapter 19: Platforms for Image-Guided and Adaptive Radiation Therapy Warren Kilby, Calvin R. Maurer, C. Amies, A. Bani-Hashemi, B. Groh, T. Tuecking, K.J. Ruchala, W. Lu, G.H. Olivera, T.R. Mackie, and Peter Munro Chapter 20: Quality Assurance of Image-Guided Adaptive Radiation Douglas J. Moseley, Jean-Pierre Bissonnette, Michael B. Sharpe, and David A. Jaffray Chapter 21: Information Systems and Data Management Sam Brain and Bruce H. Curran Chapter 22: Image-Guided and Adaptive Radiation Therapy Billing and Reimbursement Chet Szerlag, Luis Canovas, and Claire Mendenhall

Review :
"The capacity to use image data during the delivery of radiation therapy represents a major development in radiation oncology, and along with adaptive radiotherapy, it is the topic of this review on Image Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy (IGART). The book is edited by Robert Timmerman and Lei Xing, with 22 chapters by 71 authors grouped into three parts. Part I is an overview of image-guided adaptive radiotherapy (IGART), with two informative introductory chapters summarizing its rationale, methods, current status, and future expectations. It explains current image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and IGART methods, with the assistance of a table that allows comparisons among different methods. Next are several chapters, each explaining a major topic in IGART, such as errors and margins, management of respiratory motion, IGART in brachytherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and stereotactic body RT, and implanted fiducial markers. The justification for IGART is to ‘‘reduce the uncertainty and treatment margins,’’ by addressing three issues—tumor delineation, interfractional, and intrafractional uncertainties, and the chapter on errors and margins is particularly well-written, identifying the gain that is achieved and potentially achievable by addressing each of these three issues. The second part of the book is organized by anatomic site, with chapters focusing on IGART for head-and-neck, lung, breast, liver, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecologic, central nervous system, and pediatric cancers. The type and amount of uncertainties, treatment margins, possible IGART applications, and potential clinical gain from IGART are explored for each treatment site...overall, they convey a thorough description of the role of IGART in each of these anatomic sites. Part III discusses the technical and practical challenges encountered when introducing IGART to the clinic. IGART applications, especially the frequent plan adaptations, require effective solutions to manage challenges such as increased workload, reimbursement for the additional work, increased complexity of operation and equipment, an increased possibility of error, and more difficult data management and access. A long chapter outlines seven commercially available IGART platforms, each in a separate subsection written by the developers of these technologies...learning the systems’ existing capabilities, as well as the vendors’ works in progress, is informative." "The book provides high-quality information and perspective, with coverage both wide and deep on topics of interest. Both the novice and experienced users of IGART can learn from this book, and the book should be a source of ideas for investigators." Ergun Ahunbay, Ph.D. Department of Radiation Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI The capacity to use image data during the delivery of radiation therapy represents a major development in radiation oncology, and along with adaptive radiotherapy, it is the topic of this review on Image Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy (IGART). The book is edited by Robert Timmerman and Lei Xing, with 22 chapters by 71 authors grouped into three parts. Part I is an overview of image-guided adaptive radiotherapy (IGART), with two informative introductory chapters summarizing its rationale, methods, current status, and future expectations. It explains current image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and IGART methods, with the assistance of a table that allows comparisons among different methods. Next are several chapters, each explaining a major topic in IGART, such as errors and margins, management of respiratory motion, IGART in brachytherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and stereotactic body RT, and implanted fiducial markers. The justification for IGART is to ‘‘reduce the uncertainty and treatment margins,’’ by addressing three issues—tumor delineation, interfractional, and intrafractional uncertainties, and the chapter on errors and margins is particularly well-written, identifying the gain that is achieved and potentially achievable by addressing each of these three issues. The second part of the book is organized by anatomic site, with chapters focusing on IGART for head-and-neck, lung, breast, liver, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecologic, central nervous system, and pediatric cancers. The type and amount of uncertainties, treatment margins, possible IGART applications, and potential clinical gain from IGART are explored for each treatment site...overall, they convey a thorough description of the role of IGART in each of these anatomic sites. Part III discusses the technical and practical challenges encountered when introducing IGART to the clinic. IGART applications, especially the frequent plan adaptations, require effective solutions to manage challenges such as increased workload, reimbursement for the additional work, increased complexity of operation and equipment, an increased possibility of error, and more difficult data management and access. A long chapter outlines seven commercially available IGART platforms, each in a separate subsection written by the developers of these technologies...learning the systems’ existing capabilities, as well as the vendors’ works in progress, is informative. ...The book provides high-quality information and perspective, with coverage both wide and deep on topics of interest. Both the novice and experienced users of IGART can learn from this book, and the book should be a source of ideas for investigators. Ergun Ahunbay, Ph.D. Department of Radiation Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI