Bridging the gap between the video compression and communication communities, this unique volume provides an all-encompassing treatment of wireless video communications, compression, channel coding, and wireless transmission as a joint subject. WIRELESS VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS begins with relatively simple compression and information theoretical principles, continues through state-of-the-art and future concepts, and concludes with implementation-ready system solutions. This book's deductive presentation and broad scope make it essential for anyone interested in wireless communications. It systematically converts the lessons of Shannon's information theory into design principles applicable to practical wireless systems. It provides in a comprehensive manner "implementation-ready" overall system design and performance studies, giving cognizance to the contradictory design requirements of video quality, bit rate, delay, complexity error resilience, and other related system design aspects.
Topics covered include
- information theoretical foundations
- block-based and convolutional channel coding
- very-low-bit-rate video codecs and multimode videophone transceivers
- high-resolution video coding using both proprietary and standard schemes
- CDMA/OFDM systems, third-generation and beyond adaptive video systems.
WIRELESS VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS is a valuable reference for postgraduate researchers, system engineers, industrialists, managers and visual communications practitioners.
Table of Contents:
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxix
Contributors xxxi
I Transmission Issues 1
1 Information Theory 3
1.1 Issues in Information Theory 3
1.2 Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel 7
1.3 Information of a Source 11
1.4 Average Information of Discrete Memoryless Sources 12
1.5 Source Coding for a Discrete Memoryless Source 15
1.6 Average Information of Discrete Sources Exhibiting Memory 22
1.7 Examples 25
1.8 Generating Model Sources 28
1.9 Run-Length Coding for Discrete Sources Exhibiting Memory 31
1.10 Information Transmission via Discrete Channels 34
1.11 Capacity of Discrete Channels 49
1.12 Shannon's Channel Coding Theorem 53
1.13 Capacity of Continuous Channels 55
1.14 Shannon's Message and Its Implications for Wireless Channels . . . . 62
1.15 Summary and Conclusions 65
2 The Propagation Environment 67
2.1 The Cellular Concept 67
2.2 Radio Wave Propagation 71
2.3 Summary and Conclusions 92
3 Convolutional Channel Coding 93
3.1 Brief Channel Coding History 93
3.2 Convolutional Encoding 94
3.3 State and Trellis Transitions 96
3.4 The Viterbi Algorithm 98
3.5 Summary and Conclusions 106
4 Block-Based Channel Coding 107
4.1 Introduction 107
4.2 Finite Fields 108
4.3 Reed-Solomon and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem Block Codes . . . . 114
4.4 RS and BCH Codec Performance 156
4.5 Summary and Conclusions 158
5 Modulation and Transmission Techniques 161
5.1 Modulation Issues 161
5.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 197
5.3 Packet Reservation Multiple Access 201
5.4 Flexible Transceiver Architecture 202
5.5 Summary and Conclusions 204
6 Video Traffic Modeling and Multiple Access 205
6.1 Video Traffic Modeling 205
6.2 Multiple Access 223
6.3 Summary and Conclusions 243
7 Co-Channel Interference 247
7.1 Introduction 247
7.2 Factors Controlling Co-Channel Interference 248
7.3 Theoretical Signal-to-Interference Ratio 252
7.4 Simulation Parameters 255
7.5 Results for Multiple Interferers 258
7.6 Results for a Single Interferer 269
7.7 Summary and Conclusions 284
8 Channel Allocation 287
8.1 Introduction 287
8.2 Overview of Channel Allocation 288
8.3 Simulation of the Channel Allocation Algorithms 299
8.4 Performance Comparisons 310
8.5 Summary and Conclusions 335
9 Second-Generation Mobile Systems 339
9.1 The Wireless Communications Scene 339
9.2 Global System for Mobile Communications — GSM 342
10 CDMA Systems: Third-Generation and Beyond 365
10.1 Introduction 365
10.2 Basic CDMA System 366
10.3 Third-Generation Wireless Mobile Communication Systems 392
10.4 Summary and Conclusions 455
II Video Systems Based on Proprietary Video Codecs 457
11 Fractal Image Codecs 459
11.1 Fractal Principles 459
11.2 One-Dimensional Fractal Coding 462
11.3 Error Sensitivity and Complexity 471
11.4 Summary and Conclusions 473
12 Very Low Bit-Rate DCT Codecs 475
12.1 Video Codec Outline 475
12.2 The Principle of Motion Compensation 477
12.3 Transform Coding 492
12.4 The Codec Outline 499
12.5 Initial Intra-Prame Coding 502
12.6 Gain-Controlled Motion Compensation 502
12.7 The MCER Active/Passive Concept . 503
12.8 Partial Forced Update of the Reconstructed Frame Buffers 504
12.9 The Gain/Cost-Controlled Inter-Frame Codec 506
12.10 The Bit-Allocation Strategy 509
12.11Results 510
12.12 DCT Codec Performance under Erroneous Conditions 512
12.13 DCT-Based Low-Rate Video Transceivers 516
12.14 System Performance 524
12.15 Summary and Conclusions 535
13 VQ Codecs and Multimode Video Transceivers 537
13.1 Introduction 537
13.2 The Codebook Design 537
13.3 The Vector Quantizer Design 541
13.4 Performance under Erroneous Conditions 550
13.5 VQ-Based Low-Rate Video Transceivers 554
13.6 System Performance 558
13.7 Summary and Conclusions 564
14 Low Bit-Rate Parametric Quad-Tree-Based Codecs and Multimode Videophone Transceivers 567
14.1 Introduction 567
14.2 Quad-Tree Decomposition 568
14.3 Quad-Tree Intensity Match 571
14.4 Model-Based Parametric Enhancement 576
14.5 The Enhanced QT Codec 582
14.6 Performance under Erroneous Conditions 583
14.7 QT-Codec-Based Video Transceivers 586
14.8 QT-Based Video-Transceiver Performance 591
14.9 Summary of QT-Based Video Transceivers 595
14.lOSummary of Low-Rate Codecs/Transceivers 595
III High-Resolution Image Coding 601
15 Low-Complexity Techniques 603
15.1 Introduction and Video Formats 603
15.2 Differential Pulse Code Modulation 608
15.3 Block Truncation Coding 613
15.4 Subband Coding 618
15.5 Run-Length-Based Intra-Frame Subband Coding 630
15.6 Summary and Conclusions 637
16 High-Resolution DCT Coding 639
16.1 Introduction 639
16.2 Intra-Frame Quantizer Training 639
16.3 Motion Compensation for High-Quality Images 644
16.4 Inter-Frame DCT Coding 650
16.5 The Proposed Codec 658
16.6 Summary and Conclusions 669
IV Video Systems Based on Standard Video Codecs 673
17 An ARQ-Assisted H.261-Based Reconfigurable Multilevel Videophone System 675
17.1 Introduction 675
17.2 The H.261 Video Coding Standard 675
17.3 Effect of Transmission Errors on the H.261 Codec 692
17.4 A Wireless Reconfigurable Videophone System 710
17.5 H.261-Based Wireless Videophone System Performance 721
17.6 Summary and Conclusions 731
18 Comparison of the H.261 and H.263 Codecs 733
18.1 Introduction 733
18.2 The H.263 Coding Algorithms 735
18.3 Performance Results 757
18.4 Summary and Conclusions 776
19 A H.263 Videophone System for Use over Mobile Channels 777
19.1 Introduction 777
19.2 H.263 in a Mobile Environment 777
19.3 Design of an Error-Resilient Reconfigurable Videophone System . . . . 781
19.4 H.263-Based Video System Performance 790
19.5 Transmission Feedback 806
19.6 Summary and Conclusions 816
20 Error Rate Based Power Control 819
20.1 Background 819
20.2 Power Control Algorithm 819
20.3 Performance of the Power Control 824
20.4 Multimode Performance 832
20.5 Average Transmission Power 834
20.6 Optimization of Power Control Parameters 838
20.7 Power Control Performance at Various Speeds 845
20.8 Multiple Interferers 855
20.9 Summary and Conclusions 859
21 Adaptive Single-Carrier, Multicarrier, and CDMA-based Video Systems 861
21.1 Turbo-equalised H.263-based videophony for GSM/GPRS 861
21.2 Adaptive QAM-based Wireless Videophony 875
21.3 UMTS-like Burst-by-burst Adaptive CDMA Videophony 894
21.4 H.263/OFDM-Based Video Systems for Frequency-Selective Wireless Networks 908
21.5 Adaptive Turbo-coded OFDM-Based Videotelephony 927
21.6 Digital Terrestrial Video Broadcasting for Mobile Receivers 950
21.7 Satellite-Based Video Broadcasting 996
21.8 Summary and Conclusions 1018
21.9 Wireless Video System Design Principles 1020
Glossary 1023
Bibliography 1033
Subject Index 1065
Author Index 1081
About the Authors 1093
About the Author :
Lajos Hanzo has enjoyed a prolific 24-year career during which he has held various research and academic positions in Hungary, Germany, and the United Kingdom. He has coauthored five books on mobile radio communications and published over 300 research papers on a variety of topics. Dr. Hanzo’s research interests cover the entire spectrum of mobile multimedia communications, including voice, audio, video and graphic source compression, channel coding, modulation, networking and the joint optimization of these system components. He holds a chair in communications in the Department of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton, England, and he is a consultant to Multiple Access Communications Ltd. Peter J. Cherriman graduated in 1994 with an M.Eng. In information engineering from the University of Southampton. Since 1994, he has been with the Department of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton, where he completed his Ph.D. in mobile video networking. Dr. Cherriman is working on projects for the Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence, U.K. His current areas of research include robust video coding, microcellular radio systems, power control, dynamic channel allocation, and multiple access protocols.
Jurgen Streit received his Diploma in electronic engineering from the Aachen University of Technology, Germany, in 1993. Since 1992 he has been with the Department of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton, working with the Mobile Multimedia Communications Research Group. Dr. Streit earned a Ph.D. in image coding, and he is currently working as a software consultant.
