Moral Development and Reality: Beyond the Theories of Kohlberg and Hoffman

"It can be confidently ventured that the present work by John Gibbs will be one of the most widely discussed contributions to moral psychology in quite some time . . . The text is quite alive intellectually, a real page-turner for those who are animated by cutting-edge debates in the moral domain. This is a work of accomplished and assured scholarship. It offers the best analysis of the contribution of Kohlberg and Hoffman to moral development theory currently available." - JOURNAL OF MORAL EDUCATION, Feb 13, 2004 "It can be confidently ventured that the present work by John Gibbs will be one of the most widely discussed contributions to moral psychology in quite some time . . . The text is quite alive intellectually, a real page-turner for those who are animated by cutting-edge debates in the moral domain. This is a work of accomplished and assured scholarship. It offers the best analysis of the contribution of Kohlberg and Hoffman to moral development theory currently available." -- FROM THE FOREWORD by Daniel K. Lapsley, Chair, Educational Psychology Department, Ball State University "There is no one with a better understanding of how to help young people behave in a moral manner than John Gibbs. His EQUIP program, discussed in this book, is among the finest peer treatment programs available for antisocial youth. This book offers a far-reaching analysis of basic processes in moral development, and it should be read by anyone who is interested in the theory and practice of promoting positive behavior in even the most troubled young." --William Damon, Director, Stanford Center on Adolescence, Stanford University "Moral Development and Reality provides a most engaging journey through the terrain of moral and empathic development through the eyes of a seasoned guide. Gibbs's extension and integration of his previous work offers a remarkably fresh, interesting, and provocative study, challenging traditional understandings of moral development." -JOURNAL OF MORAL EDUCATION Moral Development and Reality: Beyond the Theories of Kohlberg and Hoffman explores the nature of moral development, social behavior, and human interconnectedness. By comparing, contrasting, and going beyond the works of pre-eminent theorists Lawrence Kohlberg and Martin Hoffman, author John C. Gibbs addresses fundamental questions: What is morality? Can we speak validly of moral development? Is the moral motivation of behavior primarily a matter of justice or of empathy? Does moral development, including moments of moral inspiration, reflect a deeper reality? Useful for promoting classroom debate and academic dialogue, this innovative book examines Fundamental themes of Kohlberg's cognitive developmental approach The recent integration of Hoffman's theory and research on empathy and moral development Moral self-relevance and other variables that account for prosocial behavior The understanding and treatment of antisocial behavior Issues of moral motivation, perception, and reality Moral Development and Reality elucidates the full range of moral development from superficial perception to a deeper understanding and feeling through social perspective-taking. Providing case studies and chapter questions, Gibbs creates a unique framework for understanding Kohlberg's and Hoffman's influential contributions. Primarily intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the social and behavioral sciences, counseling, and education, Moral Development and Reality will also appeal to scholars in these disciplines.

Table of Contents:
Foreword - Daniel K. Lapsley Preface 1. Introduction Social Perspective-Taking and the Moral Point of View The Right and the Good: The Moral Domain Introducing Chapters Two Through Nine 2. "The Right" and Moral Development: Fundamental Themes of Kohlberg′s Cognitive Developmental Approach Early-Childhood Superficiality Beyond Centrations and Superficial Judgment Stages of Moral Reciprocity Assessing Stages of Immature and Mature Moral Judgment Concluding Comment 3. Kohlberg′s Theory: A Critique and New View Background Kohlberg′s Overhaul of Piaget′s Phases Adult Moral Development in Kohlberg′s Theory A New View of Lifespan Moral Judgment Development Conclusion 4. "The Good" and Moral Development: Hoffman′s Theory The Empathic Predisposition Modes of Empathic Arousal Empathy and Cognitive Development: Stages of Empathic Distress The Empathic Predisposition, Cognition, and Affective Primacy The Empathic Predisposition, Socialization, and Moral Internalization Conclusion and Critique 5. Moral Development, Moral Sef-Relevance, and Prosocial Behavior Prosocial Behavior: A Rescue Individual Differences in Prosocial Behavior Conclusion: Two Spurious "Moral Exemplars" 6. Understanding Antisocial Behavior Limitations of Antisocial Youth A Case Study 7. Treating Antisocial Behavior The Mutual Help Approach The Psychoeducational or Skills Training Approach Evaluation of the Equip Program Perspective-Taking for Severe Offenders 8. Beyond the Theories: A Deeper Reality? Two Case Studies A Deeper Reality? Moral Insight and Inspiration Conclusion 9. Conclusion The Issue of Moral Motivation Moral Perception and Reality References Index Appendix About the Author

About the Author :
John C. Gibbs (Ph.D., Harvard University, 1972) is Professor of Developmental Psychology at The Ohio State University. Before moving to Ohio State, he worked with Lawrence Kohlberg from 1975 to 1979 as a research faculty member at the Harvard Graduate School of Education in the completion of Kohlberg′s longitudinal moral judgment project. Dr. Gibbs′ work on moral judgment assessment and on interventions with antisocial youth not only has seen widespread use in the United States but has also been translated and adapted for use in Germany, Italy, Taiwan, The Netherlands, and other countries. His EQUIP intervention program won the 1998 Reclaiming Children and Youth Spotlight on Excellence Award. He has served as a member of the Ohio Governor′s Council on Juvenile Justice as well as the Social Cognitive Training Study Group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Division of Violence Prevention). His previous books include Moral Maturity: Measuring the Development of Sociomoral Reflection (with Dick Fuller and Karen Basinger) and The EQUIP Program: Teaching Youth to Think and Act Responsibly Through a Peer-Helping Approach (with Arnold Goldstein and Granville Bud Potter). In addition to his books, Dr. Gibbs has authored or coauthored over 60 book chapters and articles pertaining to the topics involved in Moral Development and Reality.

Review :
It can be confidently ventured that the present work by John Gibbs will be one of the most widely discussed contributions to moral psychology in quite some time . . . The text is quite alive intellectually, a real page-turner for those who are animated by cutting-edge debates in the moral domain. This is a work of accomplished and assured scholarship. It offers the best analysis of the contribution of Kohlberg and Hoffman to moral development theory currently available. "There is no one with a better understanding of how to help young people behave in a moral manner than John Gibbs. His EQUIP program, discussed in this book, is among the finest peer treatment programs available for antisocial youth. This book offers a far-reaching analysis of basic processes in moral development, and it should be read by anyone who is interested in the theory and practice of promoting positive behavior in even the most troubled young." "Moral Development and Reality provides a most engaging journey through the terrain of moral and empathic development through the eyes of a seasoned guide. Gibbs’s extension and integration of his previous work offers a remarkably fresh, interesting, and provocative study, challenging traditional understandings of moral development." "I have been using this book with my students and they love the research on the Near-Death Experience. So profound and pervasive. It has really connected with the students. The author′s thoughtful synthesis was remarkable. The entire book is fantastic. . . . it clearly is a culmination of years of sophisticated and in-depth thinking of moral development and reality." "The book was excellent for my course. The students really enjoyed reading it and it helped to stimulate discussion on Kohlberg′s and Hoffman′s perspectives. The integrative approach provided well-balanced and thoughtful insights on the complexity of morality and application. I will certainly recommend it for future use." "Not only is this a major contribution to the scholarly literature but advanced undergraduate and graduate students will find it highly readable and accessible. I use the book in my graduate course on adolescent development and it really fits the course well. Students find it readable, interesting, and relevant. This is, I think, the best available overview and synthesis of the vast theoretical literature on moral development." "Author John Gibbs engages with the most important and vexing questions of moral development in a profound and thoughtful way, showing a scholarly and deep appreciation of the fundamental assumptions that guide and divide the different theoretical perspectives. His approach is both critical and synthetic, offering the framework for a powerful model that can be applied to help us understand both prosocial and antisocial behavior. . . . Gibbs has written one of the most thought-provoking and widely appealing works to appear in the field. He has shown how it may yet be possible to fully integrate justice and empathy in a broader vision of morality, while respecting the unique contributions of each." "Gibbs is one of the most highly regarded moral psychologists in the world today. No other psychologist has studied Kohlberg and Hoffman so assiduously over such a long period of time. Gibbs provides a profound insight into Kohlberg and Hoffman′s achievements by reconstructing their major ideas within a highly original framework. Moral Development and Reality is a book that will inspire as well as inform. It will certainly have a significant influence on moral psychology and its applications to juvenile delinquency and criminal justice. Most importantly, it will challenge all of us as readers to take stock of our lives in the light of a reality beckoning us beyond our mundane sense of justice and goodness." “His [Gibbs’] scholarship and broad perspective make the book a very rich, stimulating, and first-rate introduction to moral development and advanced undergraduate and graduate students.”  “Moral Development and Reality is such an amazing book!”