Spacecraft Systems Design and Operations

AcknowledgmentsThis text is dedicated to those who work in the space industry as well as the future generations who will follow. I would like to thank the many people and organizations that assisted me with collecting the research data and validating the technical content. Finally, special thanks goes to my wife, Brenda and daughter, Keirnan for allowing me the time needed to complete this project. AbstractThis textbook focuses on spacecraft operations and the design of the critical subsystems (Structures and Mechanisms, Guidance, Navigation and Control, Propulsion and Motion Control, Electrical Power, Thermal Control, Communication and Tracking, Command and Data Handling, and Environmental Control and Life Support) needed to develop a manned or unmanned spacecraft. A comprehensive overview of each critical subsystem is included for the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. In addition, photographic images illustrate many of the hardware components that comprise these systems. Previous space flight data provides a historical prospective on the importance of each critical subsystem and the consequence of a system failure. The major system requirements, operation functions and integration trades for each critical subsystem area are addressed with respect to performance, design margin, operations and cost. In addition, alternative design approaches for each essential subsystem are provided along with application examples from current space vehicles such as the International Space Station, Space Shuttle and various satellite systems. Understanding the major trades in each area, as well as the different design philosophies and alternatives, provides the knowledge needed to develop and evaluate a preliminary space vehicle design and operations concept.  

Table of Contents:
List of Figures  List of Tables   INTRODUCTION  1.1 Why Build Spacecraft?  1.2 NASA  1.2.1 Manned Spaceflight Missions  1.2.2 Unmanned Space Vehicle Missions  1.3 Department of Defense  1.3.1 Communications  1.3.2 Navigation  1.3.3 Surveillance  1.3.4 Defense Systems  1.4 Commercial Industry  1.4.1 Overview  1.4.2 Launch Services  1.4.3 Satellites  1.4.4 Remote Sensing  1.4.5 Space-Based Energy  1.4.6 Microgravity Research  1.4.7 Vacuum-Based Material Processing  1.4.8 Space Tourism  1.4.9 Commercialization Summary  1.4.10 International Partnerships  1.5 Critical Spacecraft System and Requirements  1.5.1 Essential Spacecraft Systems  1.5.2 Manned vs. Unmanned Vehicles  1.6 Driving Requirements  1.6.1 Major Requirements  1.6.2 Major Mission Requirements  1.6.3 Major Crew Requirements  1.6.4 Major Payload Requirements  1.6.5 Major Orbit Requirements  1.6.6 Major Environment Requirements  1.6.7 Major Launch Requirements  1.6.8 Major Ground Support Requirements  1.7 Design Process  1.7.1 Remote Sensing Design Trade Example  1.7.2 Communication System Trade Example  1.7.3 Orbital Space Plane Example  1.8 Product Life Cycle  1.8.1 Overview  1.8.2 Conceptual Study  1.8.3 Phase A: Preliminary Analysis  1.8.4 Phase B: Definition  1.8.5 Phase C/D: Design and Development  1.8.6 Production and Operations Phase  1.9 Technology Envelope  1.9.1 Overview  1.9.2 X-33 Program  1.10 Design Margin  1.11 Spacecraft Cost  1.11.1 Cost and Requirements Relationship  1.11.2 Cost Modeling  1.11.3 Design Costs  1.11.4 Launch Cost  1.11.5 Operations Cost  1.11.6 Sea Launch Program  1.11.7 Schedule Compression  1.11.8 Reducing Space Program Cost  1.12 Reliability and Safety   ORBITS AND ENVIRONMENTS  2.1 Orbital Mechanics Overview  2.1.1 Getting Into Orbit  2.1.2 Laws Governing Orbital Mechanics  2.1.3 State Vector  2.1.4 Useful Orbits  2.1.5 Orbital Maneuvers  2.1.6 Launch and Re-Entry Mechanics  2.1.7 Orbital Perturbations  2.2 Environments  2.2.1 Earth's Atmosphere  2.2.2 Overview of the Sun  2.2.3 Radiation  2.2.4 Thermal Extremes  2.2.5 Asteroids  2.2.6 Meteors  2.2.7 Atomic Oxygen  2.2.8 Space Debris  2.2.9 Contamination  2.3 Physical and Psychological Effects of the Space Environment  2.3.1 Loss of Atmosphere  2.3.2 High G's  2.3.3 Weightlessness    SPACE VEHICLE OPERATIONS HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE  3.1 Operations Architecture  3.1.1 Level of Autonomy  3.1.2 XM and Sirius Digital Satellite Radio Operations Example  3.2 Lunar Mission Operations Approach  3.3 International Space Station Operations  3.3.1 Mission Activities  3.3.2 Space Station  3.3.3 ISS Program Operation Agreements  3.3.4 Space Station Earth to Orbit Vehicles  3.4 Space Shuttle Operations  3.4.1 Shu