IEEE 802.11 Handbook
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IEEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer's Companion

IEEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer's Companion

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International Edition


About the Book

The first generation 802.11 wireless market, once struggling to expand, has spread from largely vertical applications such as healthcare, point of sale, and inventory management to become much more broad as a general networking technology being deployed in offices, schools, hotel guest rooms, airport departure areas, airplane cabins, entertainment venues, coffee shops, restaurants, and homes. This has led to the tremendous growth of new sources of IEEE 802.11 devices. IEEE 802.11 equipment is now moving into its second stage, where the wireless LAN is being treated as a large wireless communication system. As a system, there is more to consider than simply the communication over the air between a single access point and the associated mobile devices. This has lead to innovative changes in the equipment that makes up a wireless LAN. The IEEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer’s Companion, Second Edition is for the system network architects, hardware engineers and software engineers at the heart of this second stage in the evolution of 802.11 wireless LANs and for those designers that will take 802.11 to the next stage.

Table of Contents:
Introduction xxv Acronyms and abbreviations xxxi Chapter 1 Similarities and differences between wireless and wired local area networks (LANs) 1 Similarities between WLANs and wired LANs 1 Differences between WLANs and wired LANs 1 Chapter 2 IEEE 802.11: First international standard for WLANs 5 IEEE 802.11 architecture 5 STA 6 Basic service set (BSS) 6 Extended service set (ESS) 8 Distribution system (DS) 9 Services 10 STA services 10 Distribution services 11 Interaction between some services 12 Summary 15 Chapter 3 Medium access control (MAC) 17 MAC functionality 17 MAC frame exchange protocol 17 Dealing with the media 18 Hidden node problem 18 Retry counters 21 Basic access mechanism 22 Timing intervals 23 Distributed coordination function (DCF) 24 Centrally controlled access mechanism (i,e„ PCF) 24 Frame formats 28 General frame format 29 Frame Control field 31 Duration/ID field 37 Address fields 37 Sequence Control field 39 Frame Body field 40 FCS field 40 Control frame subtypes 41 Request to Send (RTS) [control] frame 41 Clear to Send (CTS) [control] frame 42 Acknowledge (ACK) [control] frame 42 Power Save Poll (PS-Poll) [control] frame 44 Contention-Free End (CF-End) and CF-End plus ACK (CF-End + ACK) [control] frames 44 Data frame subtypes 45 Simple data frame 45 Data with Contention-Free Acknowledgment (Data + CF-ACK) frame 48 Data with Contention-Free Poll (Data + CF-Polt) frame 48 Data + CF-ACK + CF-Poll frame 49 Null Function (no data) frame 49 Con tent ion-Free Acknowledgment (CF-ACK) (no data) frame 49 Contention-Free Poll (CF-Poll) (no data) frame 49 CF-ACK + CF-Potl (no data) frame 50 Management frame subtypes 50 Beacon [management] frame 51 Probe Request and Probe Response [management] frames 52 Authentication [management] frame 53 Deauthentication [management] frame 54 Association Request and Association Response [management] frames 54 Reassociation Request and Reassociation Response [management] frames 54 Disassociation [management] frame 55 Announcement Traffic Indication Message (ATIM) [management] frame 55 Action [management] frame 55 Components of the management frame body 55 Fixed fields 55 Information elements 68 Other MAC operations 86 Fragmentation 86 Privacy 89 WEP details 92 Chapter 4 IEEE 802.11i security enhancements 95 Robust security network (RSN) 96 IEEE 802.1 X Authentication and Key Management Protocol (AKMP) 105 Details of IEEE 802.1X EAP AKMP operation 108 EAPOL-Key frames 109 PSK AKMP 112 Details of PSK AKMP operation 113 PMK caching 114 Preauthentication 114 Transition security networks (TSNs) 115 Confidentiality: New encryption algorithms 116 Fixing WEP: Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 116 TKIP operation 117 Michael MIC 120 TKIP-encrypted frame description 120 Attack countermeasures 122 New transforms 122 CCMP-encrypted frame description 124 Security management 126 Changes to existing attributes and tables 126 New attributes and tables 127 Chapter 5 IEEE P802.11e quality of service (QoS) enhancements 137 Background: What is QoS and why is QoS needed? 137 IEEE P802.1 le: What’s in and what’s out 138 The Scope of IEEE 802.11 standard 138 Mandatory and optional features 138 Limits of WLANs 138 Background of the legacy IEEE 802.11 MAC 139 Fundamentals of IEEE P802.1 le operation 140 Hybrid coordination function (HCF) 140 Enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) 142 EDCA admission control 144 HCF controlled channel access (HCCA) 145 IEEE P802.1 le frame formats 145 New control frame subtypes 146 New data frame subtypes 148 New extensions to management frames 154 Action [management] frames 159 New information element formats 169 Optional features in IEEE P802.1 le 182 Contention-free bursts (CFBs) 182 Block acknowledgments 182 Direct link setup (DLS) 183 Automatic power save delivery (APSD) 187 IEEE P802.1 le as part of complete QoS implementation 187 Scheduling and admission control 187 Adapting to varying wireless channel conditions 188 Interface to higher layers 189 Conclusion 190 Chapter 6 IEEE 802.1 lh dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) 191 Users of the 5 GHz frequency  192 New parts to the IEEE 802.11 protocol 192 Transmit power control (TPC) 197 TPC operation 199 Spectrum management 200 Detection of radar operation 205 Chapter 7 IEEE 802.11d international operation 207 New roaming requirements 208 Country information element 210 International roaming with FH PHYs 212 Request information element and its protocol 214 Chapter 8 IEEE 802.1 IF Inter Access Point Protocol (IAPP) 217 Going beyond the MAC 217 More about mobility 218 Chapter 9 MAC management 221 Tools available to meet the challenges 222 Authentication 223 Association 225 Address filtering (MAC function) 227 Privacy (MAC function) 228 Power management 228 Power management in an IBSS 228 Power management in an infrastructure BSS 230 Synchronization 232 Timer synchronization in an infrastructure BSS 233 Timer synchronization in an IBSS 234 Synchronization with FH PHYs 235 Scanning 235 Joining a BSS 237 Combining management tools 237 Combining power-saving periods with scanning 237 Preauthentication 238 Areas for improvement 239 Scanning and roaming 239 Use of status and reason codes 240 Chapter 10 MAC management information base (M1B) 241 STA management attributes 241 MAC attributes 246 Chapter 11 The physical layer (PHY) 251 PHY functionality 251 Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) PHY 252 DSSS PLCP sublayer 252 Data scrambling 255 DSSS modulation 255 Barker spreading method 256 DSSS operating channels and transmit power requirements 258 Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) PHY 261 FHSS PLCP sublayer 261 PSDU data whitening 264 FHSS modulation 264 FHSS channel hopping 265 Infrared (IR) PHY 267 1R PLCP sublayer 267 IR PHY modulation method 270 Geographic regulatory bodies 271 Chapter 12 PHY extensions to IEEE 802.11 273 IEEE 802.1 la: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) PHY 273 OFDM PLCP sublayer 274 IEEE 802.11 a modulation 276 PLCP and data scrambler 276 Convolutional encoding 276 IEEE 802.1 la OFDM 277 OFDM operating channels and regulatory domains 278 Transmit power requirements 281 Geographic regulatory bodies 283 Globalization of spectrum at 5 GHz 284 IEEE 802.1 lb: 2.4 high-rate direct sequence spread spectrum (HR/DSSS) PHY 285 HR/DSSS PLCP sublayer 285 High-rate data scrambling 288 1EEE 802.1 1 high-rate operating channels 289 1EEE 802.1 1 DSSS high-rate modulation and data rates 290 Complementary code keying (CCK) modulation 290 DSSS packet binary convolutional coding (PBCC) 292 Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) interoperability 294 Chapter 13 IEEE 802.11j operation in Japan at 4.9 GHz and 5 GHz 295 Expanded Country information element 295 Mandatory and optional modes of operation 299 PLCP header, Signal field, and Rate subfield 300 Extended frequency bands and transmit RF power levels 302 Transmit mask and adjacent channel interference 304 Spurious emissions 306 Regulatory domain references 307 Number of frequency channels and data rates 308 Receiver sensitivity, CCA, and slot time 309 Transmitter error vector magnitude (EVM) 311 Chapter 14 IEEE 802.11g higher data rates in 2.4 GHz frequency band 313 Network deployment and user scenario 313 Mandatory and optional modes of operation 314 Optional modes of operation 316 PPDU formats 319 Operating channels 321 Operation of lEEE 802.llgCSMA/CA and CCA 323 Key system specifications 324 Chapter 15 IEEE 802.1 In higher data rates beyond 54 Mbit/s 327 Channel bonding 328 Higher order modulation 329 Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) 329 Chapter 16 System design considerations for IEEE 802.11 WLANs 333 The Medium 333 Multipath 334 Path loss in a WLAN 337 Es/No vs BER performance 339 Data rate vs aggregate throughput 341 WLAN installation and site survey 341 Interference in the 2.4 GHz frequency band 342 Antenna diversity 343 Power management defined 344 Glossary 349 Index 353


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780738144498
  • Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Publisher Imprint: Standards Information Network
  • Height: 226 mm
  • No of Pages: 400
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: A Designer's Companion
  • Width: 150 mm
  • ISBN-10: 0738144495
  • Publisher Date: 27 Apr 2011
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 20 mm
  • Weight: 562 gr


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